wabot/docs/superpowers/plans/2026-07-07-wabot-modernization.md

WABot Modernization Implementation Plan

For agentic workers: REQUIRED SUB-SKILL: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (recommended) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan task-by-task. Steps use checkbox (- [ ]) syntax for tracking.

Goal: Rebuild wabot on Selenium 4 + uv with pytest and Sphinx docs, replacing pickle/dill browser persistence with JSON session records + a session-ID reattach mechanism.

Architecture: A Browser facade drives declarative Page objects with typed field wrappers; a SessionStore (JSON in platformdirs) plus two DriverHost implementations (ExternalServer, detached ManagedService) make browser sessions survive the Python process; a ReattachingRemote webdriver subclass adopts saved sessions. Stealth behavior (random delays, Gaussian clicks) is a swappable pacing policy.

Tech Stack: Python ≥3.10, selenium ≥4.45 <5, platformdirs, Pillow, uv (uv_build backend), pytest (unit + integration marker), ruff, Sphinx + sphinx-rtd-theme.

Spec: docs/superpowers/specs/2026-07-07-wabot-modernization-design.md (approved). Work on branch feature/modernization.

---

Verified API facts (do not re-derive; verified 2026-07-07 on this machine)

These were verified against installed selenium 4.45.0 source and live runs with chromedriver 150 + chromium and geckodriver 0.37.0. Trust them over your training data:

1. webdriver.Remote(command_executor=url, options=opts) — options is required in practice (raises TypeError if None); desired_capabilities/browser_profile were removed in 4.10.0.
2. Reattach pattern (verified live end-to-end): subclass selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver, stash the session id under a private attr (base __init__ resets self.session_id = None before calling start_session), and override start_session(self, capabilities) to set only self.session_id and self.caps. Nothing else needed for normal WebDriver commands.
3. GET /status works on standalone chromedriver and geckodriver: {"value": {"ready": bool, "message": str}}. chromedriver reports ready:true even with active sessions; geckodriver (single-session) flips ready:false while busy — so liveness checks must accept an HTTP 200 with valid JSON and must NOT require ready == true.
4. driver.quit() on a plain Remote deletes the session + browser but never kills the standalone driver server (that's what makes reuse viable). After a reattached driver quits, other handles to that session get InvalidSessionIdException.
5. SeleniumManager().binary_paths(["--browser", "chrome"]) → {"driver_path": ..., "browser_path": ...} exists but is explicitly beta — guard with try/except; prefer shutil.which first.
6. ActionChains.move_to_element_with_offset(el, x, y) offsets are from the element's in-view center in all of Selenium 4 (was top-left in Selenium 3 JSON-Wire).
7. Firefox full-page screenshot helpers (get_full_page_screenshot_as_file etc.) exist only on webdriver.Firefox, not on Remote. Over Remote you must register the raw command: driver.command_executor._commands["FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT"] = ("GET", "/session/$sessionId/moz/screenshot/full") then driver.execute("FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT")["value"] (base64). No Chrome equivalent.
8. Headless: Chrome options.add_argument("--headless=new"); Firefox options.add_argument("-headless"). The old options.headless property is gone.
9. User-agent: Chrome add_argument(f"--user-agent={ua}"); Firefox options.set_preference("general.useragent.override", ua) (no FirefoxProfile needed).
10. driver.switch_to.alert is a property (legacy switch_to_alert() removed); EC.alert_is_present() unchanged.
11. options.binary_location = "/usr/bin/chromium" still correct for pointing chromedriver at Chromium.
12. uv: [build-system] requires = ["uv_build>=0.11,<0.12"], build-backend = "uv_build", src layout src/wabot/__init__.py is the default (no module-name config needed). [dependency-groups] dev = [...] (PEP 735) is installed by uv sync by default.
13. pytest: a -m on the CLI overrides -m in addopts (last-wins) — verified on pytest 9.1.1. So addopts = '-m "not integration"' + uv run pytest -m integration works.
14. Sphinx: html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme" only — do not add the theme to extensions. sphinx-rtd-theme>=3 supports sphinx 6–9. Build: uv run sphinx-build -M html docs docs/_build.

---

File structure

wabot/                                  (repo root, branch feature/modernization)
├── pyproject.toml                      # NEW — uv project, replaces setup.py
├── uv.lock                             # NEW — generated by uv sync
├── README.md                           # rewritten in Task 18
├── CLAUDE.md                           # updated in Task 18
├── src/wabot/
│   ├── __init__.py                     # public API: browser(), sessions(), destroy(), re-exports
│   ├── pacing.py                       # NoPacing / HumanPacing
│   ├── sessions.py                     # SessionRecord, SessionStore
│   ├── hosts.py                        # build_options, service_alive, ExternalServer,
│   │                                   #   ManagedService, find_driver_binary, stop_service,
│   │                                   #   ReattachingRemote, attach
│   ├── fields.py                       # PageObject, TextField, SelectField, CheckField, NullField
│   ├── page.py                         # Page (element maps, click, forms, alerts, waits)
│   ├── _browser.py                     # Browser facade (underscored to avoid shadowing browser())
│   └── screenshot.py                   # save_full_page (firefox raw cmd / chromium stitch)
├── tests/
│   ├── unit/                           # test_pacing.py, test_sessions.py, test_hosts.py,
│   │                                   #   test_reattach.py, test_fields.py, test_page.py,
│   │                                   #   test_browser.py, test_api.py
│   ├── integration/                    # conftest.py, test_ephemeral.py, test_persistence.py,
│   │                                   #   test_external_server.py
│   └── fixtures/                       # login.html, welcome.html
└── docs/                               # conf.py, index.rst, quickstart.rst, sessions.rst,
                                        #   page-objects.rst, api.rst

Deleted in Task 1: legacy wabot/ package (old api.py, create_browser.py, page.py, fields.py) and setup.py. The old code stays reachable in git history; everything worth porting is reproduced verbatim in this plan.

---

Task 1: Scaffold — uv project, src layout, remove legacy package

Files:

• Create: pyproject.toml

• Create: src/wabot/__init__.py

• Create: tests/unit/__init__.py, tests/integration/__init__.py (empty files)

• Delete: setup.py, wabot/__init__.py, wabot/api.py, wabot/create_browser.py, wabot/page.py, wabot/fields.py

• Step 1: Verify you are on the feature branch

Run: git -C /home/mathew/dev/Zavage-Software/wabot branch --show-current Expected: feature/modernization. All subsequent commands run from the repo root /home/mathew/dev/Zavage-Software/wabot.

• Step 2: Delete the legacy package and setup.py

git rm -r wabot setup.py

• Step 3: Write pyproject.toml

[project]
name = "wabot"
version = "0.2.0"
description = "Stateful Selenium browser automation with sessions that survive the Python process"
readme = "README.md"
authors = [{ name = "Mathew Guest", email = "t3h.zavage@gmail.com" }]
requires-python = ">=3.10"
dependencies = [
    "selenium>=4.45,<5",
    "platformdirs>=4",
    "pillow>=10",
]

[dependency-groups]
dev = [
    "pytest>=8",
    "pytest-cov>=5",
    "ruff>=0.8",
    "sphinx>=7",
    "sphinx-rtd-theme>=3",
]

[build-system]
requires = ["uv_build>=0.11,<0.12"]
build-backend = "uv_build"

[tool.pytest.ini_options]
addopts = '-m "not integration"'
markers = [
    "integration: real-browser tests (run with: uv run pytest -m integration)",
]
testpaths = ["tests"]

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 100
src = ["src", "tests"]

[tool.ruff.lint]
select = ["E", "F", "W", "I", "UP", "B", "SIM"]

Note: if uv sync reports it cannot resolve sphinx for Python 3.10, change requires-python to ">=3.11" — the library has no 3.10-specific consumers; this is the only sanctioned deviation.

• Step 4: Create the package skeleton

src/wabot/__init__.py:

"""wabot — stateful Selenium browser automation with reattachable sessions."""

Create empty tests/unit/__init__.py and tests/integration/__init__.py.

• Step 5: Sync and sanity-check

Run: uv sync Expected: creates .venv and uv.lock; installs selenium 4.45.x, platformdirs, pillow + dev group.

Run: uv run pytest Expected: no tests ran (exit code 5 is fine at this stage).

Run: uv run python -c "import wabot; print(wabot.__doc__)" Expected: prints the docstring.

• Step 6: Commit

git add pyproject.toml uv.lock src tests
git commit -m "build: replace setup.py with uv project, src layout"

---

Task 2: pacing.py — NoPacing / HumanPacing

Files:

• Create: src/wabot/pacing.py

• Test: tests/unit/test_pacing.py

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_pacing.py:

from wabot.pacing import HumanPacing, NoPacing


class TestNoPacing:
    def test_delay_is_zero_for_every_action(self):
        p = NoPacing()
        assert p.delay("text") == 0.0
        assert p.delay("select") == 0.0
        assert p.delay("unknown-action") == 0.0

    def test_click_offset_is_none(self):
        assert NoPacing().click_offset(200, 50) is None


class TestHumanPacing:
    def test_delays_fall_in_documented_ranges(self):
        p = HumanPacing()
        for _ in range(50):
            assert 3.0 <= p.delay("text") <= 5.0
            assert 6.0 <= p.delay("select") <= 11.0
            assert 2.0 <= p.delay("checkbox") <= 3.0
            assert 3.0 <= p.delay("navigate") <= 6.0

    def test_unknown_action_has_no_delay(self):
        assert HumanPacing().delay("unknown-action") == 0.0

    def test_click_offset_stays_inside_element(self):
        p = HumanPacing()
        for _ in range(200):
            offset = p.click_offset(100, 40)
            assert offset is not None
            x, y = offset
            # offsets are measured from the element CENTER (selenium 4)
            assert -49 <= x <= 49
            assert -19 <= y <= 19

    def test_tiny_elements_get_plain_click(self):
        p = HumanPacing()
        assert p.click_offset(4, 40) is None
        assert p.click_offset(40, 4) is None

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_pacing.py -v Expected: FAIL — ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wabot.pacing'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

src/wabot/pacing.py:

"""Pacing policies: how human-like the bot's interactions are.

``HumanPacing`` reproduces legacy wabot stealth behavior (random delays
between actions, Gaussian click offsets). ``NoPacing`` is instant and
exact — used by the test suite and for trusted-site automation.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import random


class NoPacing:
    """Instant actions, exact clicks."""

    def delay(self, action: str) -> float:
        """Seconds to sleep before performing ``action``."""
        return 0.0

    def click_offset(self, width: int, height: int) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
        """Offset from the element center to click at, or None for a plain click."""
        return None


class HumanPacing(NoPacing):
    """Random delays and Gaussian click offsets (anti-bot stealth)."""

    DELAYS: dict[str, tuple[float, float]] = {
        "text": (3.0, 5.0),
        "select": (6.0, 11.0),
        "checkbox": (2.0, 3.0),
        "navigate": (3.0, 6.0),
    }
    MIN_DIMENSION = 5  # elements thinner than this get a plain centered click

    def delay(self, action: str) -> float:
        lo, hi = self.DELAYS.get(action, (0.0, 0.0))
        return random.uniform(lo, hi)

    def click_offset(self, width: int, height: int) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
        if width < self.MIN_DIMENSION or height < self.MIN_DIMENSION:
            return None
        return (self._axis_offset(width), self._axis_offset(height))

    @staticmethod
    def _axis_offset(size: int) -> int:
        # Selenium 4 measures offsets from the element's in-view center, so a
        # human-looking click is a Gaussian around 0 clamped inside the element.
        max_offset = size // 2 - 1
        offset = int(random.gauss(0.0, size / 7.0))
        return max(-max_offset, min(max_offset, offset))

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_pacing.py -v Expected: 6 passed

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/pacing.py tests/unit/test_pacing.py
git commit -m "feat: pacing policies (HumanPacing default behavior, NoPacing for tests)"

---

Task 3: sessions.py — SessionRecord + SessionStore

Files:

• Create: src/wabot/sessions.py

• Test: tests/unit/test_sessions.py

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_sessions.py:

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone

from wabot.sessions import SessionRecord, SessionStore


def make_record(name="scraper1", created_at=None):
    return SessionRecord(
        name=name,
        executor_url="http://127.0.0.1:9515",
        session_id="abc123",
        browser="chromium",
        created_at=(created_at or datetime.now(timezone.utc)).isoformat(),
        service_pid=4242,
        service_port=9515,
    )


class TestSessionStore:
    def test_get_missing_returns_none(self, tmp_path):
        store = SessionStore(path=tmp_path / "sessions.json")
        assert store.get("nope") is None

    def test_save_and_get_round_trip(self, tmp_path):
        store = SessionStore(path=tmp_path / "sessions.json")
        store.save(make_record())
        rec = store.get("scraper1")
        assert rec == make_record(created_at=datetime.fromisoformat(rec.created_at))
        assert rec.session_id == "abc123"
        assert rec.service_pid == 4242

    def test_save_is_readable_by_a_fresh_store_instance(self, tmp_path):
        path = tmp_path / "sessions.json"
        SessionStore(path=path).save(make_record())
        assert SessionStore(path=path).get("scraper1") is not None

    def test_names_lists_sessions_sorted(self, tmp_path):
        store = SessionStore(path=tmp_path / "sessions.json")
        store.save(make_record(name="zeta"))
        store.save(make_record(name="alpha"))
        assert store.names() == ["alpha", "zeta"]

    def test_remove(self, tmp_path):
        store = SessionStore(path=tmp_path / "sessions.json")
        store.save(make_record())
        store.remove("scraper1")
        assert store.get("scraper1") is None
        store.remove("scraper1")  # removing twice must not raise

    def test_stale_records_are_evicted_on_load(self, tmp_path):
        store = SessionStore(path=tmp_path / "sessions.json", max_age=timedelta(days=3))
        old = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=4)
        store.save(make_record(name="old", created_at=old))
        store.save(make_record(name="fresh"))
        assert store.names() == ["fresh"]

    def test_corrupt_file_is_moved_aside_not_crashed_on(self, tmp_path):
        path = tmp_path / "sessions.json"
        path.write_text("{ this is not json")
        store = SessionStore(path=path)
        assert store.load() == {}
        assert (tmp_path / "sessions.json.bad").exists()
        store.save(make_record())  # store is usable again
        assert store.get("scraper1") is not None

    def test_default_path_is_under_platformdirs(self):
        from wabot.sessions import default_store_path

        assert default_store_path().name == "sessions.json"
        assert "wabot" in str(default_store_path())

    def test_naive_created_at_is_treated_as_utc_not_crash(self, tmp_path):
        # legacy/hand-written records may carry naive timestamps
        import json

        path = tmp_path / "sessions.json"
        record = make_record()
        data = {"scraper1": {**record.__dict__, "created_at": "2999-01-01T00:00:00"}}
        path.write_text(json.dumps(data))
        store = SessionStore(path=path)
        assert store.get("scraper1") is not None  # fresh: kept, assumed UTC

    def test_garbage_created_at_evicts_only_that_record(self, tmp_path):
        import json

        path = tmp_path / "sessions.json"
        good, bad = make_record(name="good"), make_record(name="bad")
        data = {
            "good": good.__dict__,
            "bad": {**bad.__dict__, "created_at": "not-a-date"},
        }
        path.write_text(json.dumps(data))
        store = SessionStore(path=path)
        assert store.names() == ["good"]  # no crash, bad evicted, file rewritten
        assert "not-a-date" not in path.read_text()

    def test_null_created_at_evicts_only_that_record(self, tmp_path):
        import json

        path = tmp_path / "sessions.json"
        data = {"broken": {**make_record(name="broken").__dict__, "created_at": None}}
        path.write_text(json.dumps(data))
        assert SessionStore(path=path).names() == []

    def test_unknown_record_fields_are_ignored_not_fatal(self, tmp_path):
        # a newer wabot may add fields; older versions must not quarantine the store
        import json

        path = tmp_path / "sessions.json"
        data = {"scraper1": {**make_record().__dict__, "future_field": 42}}
        path.write_text(json.dumps(data))
        assert SessionStore(path=path).get("scraper1") is not None

    def test_repeat_corruption_with_existing_bad_file_does_not_crash(self, tmp_path):
        path = tmp_path / "sessions.json"
        (tmp_path / "sessions.json.bad").write_text("old corruption")
        path.write_text("{ corrupt again")
        store = SessionStore(path=path)
        assert store.load() == {}
        store.save(make_record())
        assert store.get("scraper1") is not None

    def test_write_is_atomic_no_tmp_leftover(self, tmp_path):
        store = SessionStore(path=tmp_path / "sessions.json")
        store.save(make_record())
        assert not (tmp_path / "sessions.json.tmp").exists()

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_sessions.py -v Expected: FAIL — ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wabot.sessions'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

src/wabot/sessions.py:

"""Persistence of reattachable browser sessions as plain JSON.

Replaces the legacy pickle/dill approach: instead of serializing a live
webdriver object, we record only what is needed to reattach — the
executor URL and session id — plus bookkeeping for managed services.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import dataclasses
import json
import logging
import os
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from pathlib import Path

import platformdirs

LOGGER = logging.getLogger("wabot")


@dataclass
class SessionRecord:
    """Everything needed to find a saved browser session again."""

    name: str
    executor_url: str
    session_id: str
    browser: str
    created_at: str  # ISO-8601, UTC
    service_pid: int | None = None
    service_port: int | None = None


_RECORD_FIELDS = {field.name for field in dataclasses.fields(SessionRecord)}


def _parse_created_at(value) -> datetime | None:
    """Parse a record timestamp; None means unusable (treat as stale)."""
    try:
        created = datetime.fromisoformat(value)
    except (ValueError, TypeError):
        return None
    if created.tzinfo is None:
        created = created.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
    return created


def default_store_path() -> Path:
    return Path(platformdirs.user_data_dir("wabot")) / "sessions.json"


class SessionStore:
    """A JSON file mapping session name -> SessionRecord."""

    def __init__(self, path: Path | None = None, max_age: timedelta = timedelta(days=3)):
        self.path = Path(path) if path is not None else default_store_path()
        self.max_age = max_age

    def load(self) -> dict[str, SessionRecord]:
        """Read all records, evicting stale ones and surviving a corrupt file."""
        if not self.path.exists():
            return {}
        try:
            raw = json.loads(self.path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
            records = {
                name: SessionRecord(**{k: v for k, v in data.items() if k in _RECORD_FIELDS})
                for name, data in raw.items()
            }
        except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError, AttributeError, OSError):
            self._quarantine()
            return {}
        fresh = {}
        for name, record in records.items():
            created = _parse_created_at(record.created_at)
            if created is None:
                LOGGER.warning(
                    "evicting session %r with unusable created_at %r", name, record.created_at
                )
                continue
            if datetime.now(timezone.utc) - created >= self.max_age:
                LOGGER.info("evicting stale session %r (created %s)", name, record.created_at)
                continue
            fresh[name] = record
        if len(fresh) != len(records):
            self._write(fresh)
        return fresh

    def _quarantine(self) -> None:
        bad = self.path.with_name(self.path.name + ".bad")
        try:
            self.path.replace(bad)  # replace, not rename: works when .bad exists
            LOGGER.warning("corrupt session store moved to %s; starting fresh", bad)
        except OSError as ex:
            LOGGER.warning("could not quarantine corrupt store %s: %s", self.path, ex)

    def get(self, name: str) -> SessionRecord | None:
        return self.load().get(name)

    def save(self, record: SessionRecord) -> None:
        records = self.load()
        records[record.name] = record
        self._write(records)

    def remove(self, name: str) -> None:
        records = self.load()
        if records.pop(name, None) is not None:
            self._write(records)

    def names(self) -> list[str]:
        return sorted(self.load())

    def _write(self, records: dict[str, SessionRecord]) -> None:
        # NOTE: save() is read-modify-write with no cross-process lock; at this
        # library's scale (a handful of sessions on human timescales) a lost
        # update is acceptable. A torn/partial file is NOT — hence atomic replace.
        self.path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        payload = {name: dataclasses.asdict(rec) for name, rec in records.items()}
        tmp = self.path.with_name(self.path.name + ".tmp")
        tmp.write_text(json.dumps(payload, indent=2), encoding="utf-8")
        os.replace(tmp, self.path)

Note the corrupt-file test writes sessions.json + .bad → sessions.json.bad, which is why _write uses with_name(self.path.name + ".bad") (not with_suffix, which would replace .json).

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_sessions.py -v Expected: 14 passed

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/sessions.py tests/unit/test_sessions.py
git commit -m "feat: JSON SessionStore with stale eviction (replaces pickle persistence)"

---

Task 4: hosts.py (part 1) — browser normalization, options builder, ExternalServer, service_alive

Files:

• Create: src/wabot/hosts.py

• Test: tests/unit/test_hosts.py

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_hosts.py:

import http.server
import json
import threading

import pytest

from wabot.hosts import ExternalServer, build_options, normalize_browser, service_alive


class TestNormalizeBrowser:
    def test_chrome_is_an_alias_for_chromium(self):
        assert normalize_browser("chrome") == "chromium"

    def test_firefox_and_chromium_pass_through(self):
        assert normalize_browser("firefox") == "firefox"
        assert normalize_browser("chromium") == "chromium"

    def test_unknown_browser_raises(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unsupported browser"):
            normalize_browser("safari")


class TestBuildOptions:
    def test_chromium_headless_and_user_agent(self):
        opts = build_options("chromium", headless=True, user_agent="MyBot/1.0")
        assert "--headless=new" in opts.arguments
        assert "--user-agent=MyBot/1.0" in opts.arguments

    def test_chromium_defaults_have_no_headless_or_ua(self):
        opts = build_options("chromium")
        assert not any(a.startswith(("--headless", "--user-agent")) for a in opts.arguments)

    def test_firefox_headless_and_user_agent(self):
        opts = build_options("firefox", headless=True, user_agent="MyBot/1.0")
        assert "-headless" in opts.arguments
        assert opts.preferences.get("general.useragent.override") == "MyBot/1.0"

    def test_options_type_matches_browser(self):
        assert type(build_options("firefox")).__module__.startswith("selenium.webdriver.firefox")
        assert type(build_options("chrome")).__module__.startswith("selenium.webdriver.chrome")


class _StatusHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    ready = True

    def do_GET(self):
        if self.path == "/status":
            body = json.dumps({"value": {"ready": self.ready, "message": ""}}).encode()
            self.send_response(200)
            self.send_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
            self.end_headers()
            self.wfile.write(body)
        else:
            self.send_response(404)
            self.end_headers()

    def log_message(self, *args):  # keep test output clean
        pass


@pytest.fixture
def status_server():
    server = http.server.HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), _StatusHandler)
    thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
    thread.start()
    yield f"http://127.0.0.1:{server.server_address[1]}"
    server.shutdown()
    server.server_close()


class TestServiceAlive:
    def test_true_when_status_answers(self, status_server):
        assert service_alive(status_server) is True

    def test_true_even_when_not_ready(self, status_server):
        # geckodriver reports ready=false while its single session is in use;
        # aliveness must not require ready==true
        _StatusHandler.ready = False
        try:
            assert service_alive(status_server) is True
        finally:
            _StatusHandler.ready = True

    def test_false_when_nothing_listens(self):
        assert service_alive("http://127.0.0.1:1") is False


class TestExternalServer:
    def test_returns_url_when_alive(self, status_server):
        assert ExternalServer(status_server + "/").ensure_running() == status_server

    def test_raises_when_dead(self):
        with pytest.raises(ConnectionError, match="no WebDriver server"):
            ExternalServer("http://127.0.0.1:1").ensure_running()


class TestServiceAliveNonHttpResponder:
    def test_non_http_service_on_port_is_false_and_clean_error(self):
        # wrong-port misconfiguration: some non-HTTP service answers the socket
        import socket

        server = socket.create_server(("127.0.0.1", 0))
        port = server.getsockname()[1]

        def answer(count=2):
            for _ in range(count):
                try:
                    conn, _ = server.accept()
                except OSError:
                    return
                conn.sendall(b"SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_9.7\r\n")
                conn.close()

        thread = threading.Thread(target=answer, daemon=True)
        thread.start()
        try:
            assert service_alive(f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}", timeout=2.0) is False
            with pytest.raises(ConnectionError, match="no WebDriver server"):
                ExternalServer(f"http://127.0.0.1:{port}").ensure_running()
        finally:
            server.close()

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_hosts.py -v Expected: FAIL — ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wabot.hosts'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

src/wabot/hosts.py (this file grows in Tasks 5 and 6; start with exactly this):

"""Driver hosts: the processes that keep a browser alive, and how to reach them.

Persistence-capable browsers are always driven over the WebDriver wire
protocol (a URL). Two hosts provide that URL: ``ExternalServer`` (a
Selenium Grid or standalone driver the user runs) and ``ManagedService``
(a chromedriver/geckodriver wabot spawns detached so it outlives Python).
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import http.client
import json
import logging
import urllib.request

from selenium import webdriver

LOGGER = logging.getLogger("wabot")

BROWSER_ALIASES = {"chrome": "chromium"}
DRIVER_BINARIES = {"chromium": "chromedriver", "firefox": "geckodriver"}


def normalize_browser(browser: str) -> str:
    browser = BROWSER_ALIASES.get(browser, browser)
    if browser not in DRIVER_BINARIES:
        raise ValueError(
            f"unsupported browser {browser!r}; use 'firefox' or 'chromium' (alias: 'chrome')"
        )
    return browser


def build_options(
    browser: str, *, headless: bool = False, user_agent: str | None = None
) -> webdriver.ChromeOptions | webdriver.FirefoxOptions:
    """Browser-appropriate Options. UA defaults to the browser's own."""
    browser = normalize_browser(browser)
    if browser == "chromium":
        opts = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
        binary = _chromium_binary()
        if binary:
            opts.binary_location = binary
        if headless:
            opts.add_argument("--headless=new")
        if user_agent:
            opts.add_argument(f"--user-agent={user_agent}")
        return opts
    opts = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
    if headless:
        opts.add_argument("-headless")
    if user_agent:
        opts.set_preference("general.useragent.override", user_agent)
    return opts


def _chromium_binary() -> str | None:
    import shutil

    for name in ("chromium", "chromium-browser", "google-chrome", "chrome"):
        found = shutil.which(name)
        if found:
            return found
    return None


def service_alive(url: str, timeout: float = 2.0) -> bool:
    """True if a WebDriver server answers GET /status at ``url``.

    Liveness only: geckodriver reports ready=false while its single session
    is in use, so the ``ready`` flag is deliberately ignored.
    The ``timeout`` bounds each socket operation, not total wall-clock time.
    """
    try:
        with urllib.request.urlopen(f"{url.rstrip('/')}/status", timeout=timeout) as resp:
            json.loads(resp.read())
            return resp.status == 200
    except (OSError, ValueError, http.client.HTTPException):
        return False


class ExternalServer:
    """A WebDriver server somebody else runs (Selenium Grid, bare driver)."""

    def __init__(self, url: str):
        self.url = url.rstrip("/")

    def ensure_running(self) -> str:
        if not service_alive(self.url):
            raise ConnectionError(f"no WebDriver server answering at {self.url}/status")
        return self.url

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_hosts.py -v Expected: 13 passed

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/hosts.py tests/unit/test_hosts.py
git commit -m "feat: options builder, /status liveness check, ExternalServer host"

---

Task 5: hosts.py (part 2) — ManagedService: spawn a detached driver

Files:

• Modify: src/wabot/hosts.py (append; also extend the import block)

• Test: tests/unit/test_hosts.py (append)

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

Append to tests/unit/test_hosts.py. The tests use a stub "driver" executable — a tiny Python script that serves /status on --port=N — so spawning/detaching/polling is tested without any browser:

import os
import stat
import sys
import time

from wabot.hosts import ManagedService, find_driver_binary, stop_service

STUB_DRIVER = """\
#!{python}
import http.server, json, sys
port = int(sys.argv[1].split("=", 1)[1])
class H(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        body = json.dumps({{"value": {{"ready": True, "message": ""}}}}).encode()
        self.send_response(200); self.end_headers(); self.wfile.write(body)
    def log_message(self, *a): pass
http.server.HTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", port), H).serve_forever()
"""


@pytest.fixture
def stub_driver(tmp_path):
    path = tmp_path / "chromedriver"
    path.write_text(STUB_DRIVER.format(python=sys.executable))
    path.chmod(path.stat().st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
    return path


SILENT_DRIVER = """\
#!{python}
import sys, time
time.sleep(300)  # accepts --port=N like a real driver but never serves /status
"""


@pytest.fixture
def silent_driver(tmp_path):
    path = tmp_path / "chromedriver"
    path.write_text(SILENT_DRIVER.format(python=sys.executable))
    path.chmod(path.stat().st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
    return path


class TestFindDriverBinary:
    def test_env_var_override_wins(self, monkeypatch):
        monkeypatch.setenv("WABOT_CHROMEDRIVER", "/custom/chromedriver")
        assert find_driver_binary("chromium") == "/custom/chromedriver"

    def test_path_lookup(self, monkeypatch, stub_driver):
        monkeypatch.delenv("WABOT_CHROMEDRIVER", raising=False)
        monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", str(stub_driver.parent))
        assert find_driver_binary("chromium") == str(stub_driver)


class TestManagedService:
    def test_spawns_detached_and_answers_status(self, stub_driver, tmp_path):
        svc = ManagedService("chromium", log_dir=tmp_path, driver_binary=str(stub_driver))
        url = svc.ensure_running()
        try:
            assert service_alive(url)
            assert svc.pid is not None and svc.port is not None
            assert url == f"http://127.0.0.1:{svc.port}"
            # detached: the spawned process is in its own session, so it
            # would survive this python process exiting
            assert os.getsid(svc.pid) != os.getsid(os.getpid())
            assert (tmp_path / f"chromedriver-{svc.port}.log").exists()
        finally:
            stop_service(svc.pid)

    def test_early_exit_raises_with_returncode(self, tmp_path):
        # /bin/true exits immediately: distinct from a slow timeout
        svc = ManagedService(
            "chromium", log_dir=tmp_path, driver_binary="/bin/true", startup_timeout=5.0
        )
        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="exited early"):
            svc.ensure_running()

    def test_startup_timeout_terminates_and_does_not_leak(self, silent_driver, tmp_path):
        svc = ManagedService(
            "chromium", log_dir=tmp_path, driver_binary=str(silent_driver), startup_timeout=1.0
        )
        with pytest.raises(TimeoutError, match="did not answer /status"):
            svc.ensure_running()
        # the unresponsive driver must have been terminated + reaped, not leaked
        deadline = time.monotonic() + 5
        while time.monotonic() < deadline:
            try:
                os.kill(svc.pid, 0)
            except ProcessLookupError:
                break
            time.sleep(0.05)
        with pytest.raises(ProcessLookupError):
            os.kill(svc.pid, 0)


class TestStopService:
    def test_stops_a_live_process_and_reports_dead_ones(self, stub_driver, tmp_path):
        svc = ManagedService("chromium", log_dir=tmp_path, driver_binary=str(stub_driver))
        svc.ensure_running()
        assert stop_service(svc.pid) is True
        deadline = time.monotonic() + 5
        while time.monotonic() < deadline:
            try:
                os.kill(svc.pid, 0)
            except ProcessLookupError:
                break
            time.sleep(0.05)
        assert stop_service(999999) is False  # no such pid

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_hosts.py -v Expected: new tests FAIL — ImportError: cannot import name 'ManagedService'; the 12 Task-4 tests still pass.

• Step 3: Write the implementation

Append to src/wabot/hosts.py, and extend the top import block to:

import http.client
import json
import logging
import os
import shutil
import signal
import socket
import subprocess
import time
import urllib.request
from pathlib import Path

import platformdirs
from selenium import webdriver

(then remove the now-redundant import shutil inside _chromium_binary). Appended code:

def find_driver_binary(browser: str) -> str:
    """Locate chromedriver/geckodriver: env override, PATH, then Selenium Manager.

    The Selenium Manager fallback may download a driver over the network.
    """
    browser = normalize_browser(browser)
    name = DRIVER_BINARIES[browser]
    override = os.environ.get(f"WABOT_{name.upper()}")
    if override:
        return override
    found = shutil.which(name)
    if found:
        return found
    try:
        # Selenium Manager is bundled with selenium but explicitly beta
        # ("may change") — keep it as a guarded fallback, never the primary.
        from selenium.webdriver.common.selenium_manager import SeleniumManager

        args = ["--browser", "chrome" if browser == "chromium" else browser]
        chromium = _chromium_binary()
        if browser == "chromium" and chromium:
            args += ["--browser-path", chromium]
        return SeleniumManager().binary_paths(args)["driver_path"]
    # Selenium Manager is beta; any failure folds into a clean FileNotFoundError
    except Exception as ex:
        raise FileNotFoundError(
            f"could not find {name!r} on PATH (set WABOT_{name.upper()} to override); "
            f"Selenium Manager fallback also failed: {ex}"
        ) from ex


def _free_port() -> int:
    with socket.socket() as sock:
        sock.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
        return sock.getsockname()[1]


class ManagedService:
    """A driver service wabot spawns detached, so it outlives this process.

    ensure_running() is not idempotent: each call spawns a new service.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        browser: str,
        log_dir: Path | None = None,
        driver_binary: str | None = None,
        startup_timeout: float = 15.0,
    ):
        self.browser = normalize_browser(browser)
        self.log_dir = Path(log_dir) if log_dir else Path(platformdirs.user_data_dir("wabot"))
        self.driver_binary = driver_binary
        self.startup_timeout = startup_timeout
        self.pid: int | None = None
        self.port: int | None = None

    def ensure_running(self) -> str:
        binary = self.driver_binary or find_driver_binary(self.browser)
        self.port = _free_port()
        url = f"http://127.0.0.1:{self.port}"
        self.log_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        log_path = self.log_dir / f"{DRIVER_BINARIES[self.browser]}-{self.port}.log"
        with open(log_path, "ab") as log:
            process = subprocess.Popen(
                [binary, f"--port={self.port}"],
                stdout=log,
                stderr=log,
                stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
                start_new_session=True,  # own session: survives this python process
            )
        self.pid = process.pid
        LOGGER.info("spawned %s (pid %s) on %s, log %s", binary, self.pid, url, log_path)
        deadline = time.monotonic() + self.startup_timeout
        while time.monotonic() < deadline:
            if service_alive(url):
                return url
            returncode = process.poll()
            if returncode is not None:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    f"{binary} exited early with code {returncode} before "
                    f"answering /status on {url} (see {log_path})"
                )
            time.sleep(0.2)
        # deadline expired but the driver is still running and unresponsive:
        # terminate and reap it so we never leak a process that would otherwise
        # outlive the interpreter.
        process.terminate()
        try:
            process.wait(timeout=5)
        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
            process.kill()
            process.wait()
        raise TimeoutError(
            f"{binary} did not answer /status on {url} within "
            f"{self.startup_timeout}s (see {log_path})"
        )


def stop_service(pid: int) -> bool:
    """SIGTERM a managed driver service. False if it was already gone.

    If the service is a child of THIS process (the same-process spawn→stop
    lifecycle), it is reaped to avoid a zombie. In the cross-process reattach
    case the driver is not our child and init reaps it. A driver that ignores
    SIGTERM is left running (no SIGKILL escalation).
    """
    try:
        os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
    except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError):
        return False
    deadline = time.monotonic() + 5.0
    while time.monotonic() < deadline:
        try:
            reaped, _ = os.waitpid(pid, os.WNOHANG)
        except ChildProcessError:
            break  # not our child (cross-process) — init reaps it
        if reaped:
            break
        time.sleep(0.05)
    return True

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_hosts.py -v Expected: 19 passed (13 from Task 4 + 6 new)

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/hosts.py tests/unit/test_hosts.py
git commit -m "feat: ManagedService spawns detached driver services that outlive python"

---

Task 6: hosts.py (part 3) — ReattachingRemote + attach()

Files:

• Modify: src/wabot/hosts.py (append)

• Test: tests/unit/test_reattach.py

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_reattach.py. Constructing a Remote performs no HTTP until the first command (verified), so adoption can be unit-tested without a server; the dead-session path monkeypatches the probe:

from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

from wabot.hosts import ReattachingRemote, attach, build_options


class TestReattachingRemote:
    def test_adopts_session_id_without_creating_a_session(self):
        # constructing against a closed port (127.0.0.1:1) proves no HTTP happens
        # until the first command
        driver = ReattachingRemote(
            "http://127.0.0.1:1", "saved-session-id", options=build_options("chromium")
        )
        # base __init__ resets session_id to None BEFORE start_session runs;
        # our override must still win
        assert driver.session_id == "saved-session-id"
        assert isinstance(driver.caps, dict)

    def test_works_for_firefox_options_too(self):
        driver = ReattachingRemote(
            "http://127.0.0.1:1", "sid", options=build_options("firefox")
        )
        assert driver.session_id == "sid"


class TestAttach:
    def test_returns_driver_when_probe_succeeds(self, monkeypatch):
        monkeypatch.setattr(
            ReattachingRemote, "current_url", property(lambda self: "http://example.com")
        )
        driver = attach("http://127.0.0.1:1", "sid", "chromium")
        assert driver is not None
        assert driver.session_id == "sid"

    def test_returns_none_when_session_is_dead(self, monkeypatch):
        def boom(self):
            raise WebDriverException("invalid session id")

        monkeypatch.setattr(ReattachingRemote, "current_url", property(boom))
        assert attach("http://127.0.0.1:1", "sid", "chromium") is None

    def test_returns_none_when_server_is_unreachable(self):
        # no server on port 1: connection refused is immediate; attach must not raise
        assert attach("http://127.0.0.1:1", "sid", "chromium") is None

    def test_dead_session_closes_executor(self, monkeypatch):
        from selenium.webdriver.remote.remote_connection import RemoteConnection

        closed = []
        monkeypatch.setattr(RemoteConnection, "close", lambda self: closed.append(1))

        def boom(self):
            raise WebDriverException("invalid session id")

        monkeypatch.setattr(ReattachingRemote, "current_url", property(boom))
        assert attach("http://127.0.0.1:1", "sid", "chromium") is None
        assert closed == [1]  # executor was closed, not leaked

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_reattach.py -v Expected: FAIL — ImportError: cannot import name 'ReattachingRemote'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

Append to src/wabot/hosts.py; add these imports to the top block:

from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver as RemoteWebDriver
from urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as _Urllib3HTTPError

(The urllib3 import is the resolved form of the note below: selenium's HTTP layer surfaces test_returns_none_when_server_is_unreachable's connection refusal as a urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError, which is not an OSError, so it must be caught explicitly. This was confirmed against selenium 4.45.)

Appended code:

class ReattachingRemote(RemoteWebDriver):
    """A Remote driver that adopts an existing session instead of creating one.

    Selenium has no supported reattach API; this relies on two internals
    that have been stable across 4.x (pin selenium <5): ``execute()``
    injects ``self.session_id`` into every command, and ``start_session``
    is the only place a NEW_SESSION request happens.
    """

    def __init__(self, command_executor: str, session_id: str, options):
        # NOT self.session_id: the base __init__ resets that to None before
        # calling start_session, so stash the id under a private name.
        self._reattach_session_id = session_id
        super().__init__(command_executor=command_executor, options=options)
        if self.session_id != session_id:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "session adoption failed: selenium's start_session contract "
                "changed; pin selenium <5 or update ReattachingRemote"
            )

    def start_session(self, capabilities: dict) -> None:
        # Skip Command.NEW_SESSION entirely; adopt the saved session.
        self.session_id = self._reattach_session_id
        self.caps = capabilities  # requested caps: fine for normal commands (no CDP/BiDi)


def attach(executor_url: str, session_id: str, browser: str):
    """Return a live driver adopting the saved session, or None if it is dead."""
    driver = ReattachingRemote(executor_url, session_id, options=build_options(browser))
    try:
        _ = driver.current_url  # first real HTTP call; raises if the session is gone
        return driver
    except WebDriverException as ex:
        LOGGER.warning("saved session %s is dead: %s", session_id, ex)
        driver.command_executor.close()  # do not leak the keep-alive socket
        return None
    except (OSError, _Urllib3HTTPError) as ex:  # server unreachable (connection refused, timeout)
        LOGGER.warning("no server at %s: %s", executor_url, ex)
        driver.command_executor.close()  # do not leak the keep-alive socket
        return None

driver.quit() cannot be used to release the executor on the failure paths: on a dead session it issues a DELETE that re-raises. Closing the executor directly (driver.command_executor.close()) releases urllib3's pooled keep-alive connection without another round-trip. The session_id tripwire in __init__ raises (not assert, so it survives python -O) to turn a future silent adoption failure into a loud one at construction time.

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_reattach.py -v Expected: 6 passed

Run: uv run pytest Expected: all unit tests so far pass (pacing 7, sessions 14, hosts 19, reattach 6 = 46)

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/hosts.py tests/unit/test_reattach.py
git commit -m "feat: session reattach via ReattachingRemote (adopts saved session id)"

---

Task 7: fields.py — typed field wrappers

Files:

• Create: src/wabot/fields.py

• Test: tests/unit/test_fields.py

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_fields.py. Fields talk to a page object (which owns the driver and the form helpers), so a MagicMock page is the natural test double. Pacing must come from the page's browser:

from unittest.mock import MagicMock

import pytest

from wabot.fields import CheckField, NullField, PageObject, SelectField, TextField
from wabot.pacing import NoPacing

ACCESSORS = ("id", "username")


@pytest.fixture
def page():
    page = MagicMock(name="page")
    page.pacing = NoPacing()
    return page


class TestPageObject:
    def test_locates_element_via_page_driver(self, page):
        obj = PageObject(page, accessors=ACCESSORS, name="username")
        page.driver.find_element.assert_called_once_with(by="id", value="username")
        assert obj.el is page.driver.find_element.return_value

    def test_unknown_attributes_fall_through_to_element(self, page):
        obj = PageObject(page, accessors=ACCESSORS, name="username")
        assert obj.tag_name is obj.el.tag_name

    def test_click_delegates_to_page(self, page):
        obj = PageObject(page, accessors=ACCESSORS, name="username")
        assert obj.click() is page.click.return_value
        page.click.assert_called_once_with(obj.el)


class TestTextField:
    def test_set_value_uses_page_helper(self, page):
        field = TextField(page, accessors=ACCESSORS, name="username")
        result = field.set_value("mathew")
        page.set_el_value.assert_called_once_with(field.el, "mathew")
        assert result is page.set_el_value.return_value

    def test_get_value_uses_page_helper(self, page):
        field = TextField(page, accessors=ACCESSORS, name="username")
        assert field.get_value() is page.get_el_value.return_value


class TestSelectField:
    def test_wraps_element_in_selenium_select(self, page, monkeypatch):
        import wabot.fields as fields_mod

        fake_select_cls = MagicMock(name="Select")
        monkeypatch.setattr(fields_mod, "Select", fake_select_cls)
        field = SelectField(page, accessors=("id", "state"), name="state")
        fake_select_cls.assert_called_once_with(field.el)
        assert field.dropdown is fake_select_cls.return_value

    def test_set_value_by_value_and_by_text(self, page, monkeypatch):
        import wabot.fields as fields_mod

        monkeypatch.setattr(fields_mod, "Select", MagicMock())
        field = SelectField(page, accessors=("id", "state"), name="state")
        field.set_value(value="CO")
        page.set_select_value.assert_called_with(field.dropdown, value="CO", text=None)
        field.set_value(text="Colorado")
        page.set_select_value.assert_called_with(field.dropdown, value=None, text="Colorado")


class TestCheckField:
    def test_set_and_get_checked(self, page):
        field = CheckField(page, accessors=("id", "agree"), name="agree")
        field.set_checked(True)
        page.set_checkbox.assert_called_once_with(field.el, True)
        field.get_checked()
        page.get_checkbox_value.assert_called_once_with(field.el, False)


class TestNullField:
    def test_is_falsy(self):
        assert not NullField(name="missing")

    def test_attribute_access_raises_with_element_name(self):
        with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match="missing"):
            NullField(name="missing").click()

    def test_pattern_if_el_guards_work(self):
        el = NullField(name="missing")
        if el:
            pytest.fail("NullField must be falsy")


class TestPacingWiring:
    def _spy_page(self, page):
        page.pacing = MagicMock()
        page.pacing.delay.return_value = 0.0
        return page

    def test_text_set_value_paces_text(self, page):
        self._spy_page(page)
        TextField(page, accessors=ACCESSORS, name="username").set_value("x")
        page.pacing.delay.assert_called_once_with("text")

    def test_select_set_value_paces_select(self, page, monkeypatch):
        import wabot.fields as fields_mod

        monkeypatch.setattr(fields_mod, "Select", MagicMock())
        self._spy_page(page)
        SelectField(page, accessors=("id", "state"), name="state").set_value(value="CO")
        page.pacing.delay.assert_called_once_with("select")

    def test_select_by_index_paces_select(self, page, monkeypatch):
        import wabot.fields as fields_mod

        monkeypatch.setattr(fields_mod, "Select", MagicMock())
        self._spy_page(page)
        SelectField(page, accessors=("id", "state"), name="state").select_by_index(2)
        page.pacing.delay.assert_called_once_with("select")

    def test_set_checked_paces_checkbox(self, page):
        self._spy_page(page)
        CheckField(page, accessors=("id", "agree"), name="agree").set_checked(True)
        page.pacing.delay.assert_called_once_with("checkbox")

    def test_click_and_go_paces_navigate(self, page):
        self._spy_page(page)
        PageObject(page, accessors=ACCESSORS, name="username").click_and_go()
        page.pacing.delay.assert_called_once_with("navigate")


class TestTruthiness:
    def test_real_field_is_truthy(self, page):
        # locks the other end of the `if el:` guard contract (NullField is falsy)
        assert bool(TextField(page, accessors=ACCESSORS, name="username")) is True

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_fields.py -v Expected: FAIL — ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wabot.fields'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

src/wabot/fields.py:

"""Typed wrappers around page elements.

``page[key]`` returns one of these instead of a raw WebElement. Unknown
attribute access falls through to the underlying selenium element, so a
wrapper can be used anywhere an element can. ``NullField`` is the falsy
null-object returned for elements that could not be found, enabling
``if el:`` guards instead of exception handling.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import logging
import time

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

LOGGER = logging.getLogger("wabot")


class PageObject:
    """Base wrapper; subclasses add typed get/set behavior."""

    def __init__(self, page, accessors=None, name=None):
        self.page = page
        self.accessors = accessors
        self.name = name
        self.el = self._locate() if accessors else None

    def _locate(self):
        by, value = self.accessors
        return self.page.driver.find_element(by=by, value=value)

    @property
    def pacing(self):
        return self.page.pacing

    def _pace(self, action: str) -> None:
        delay = self.pacing.delay(action)
        if delay:
            time.sleep(delay)

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name == "el":  # guard: never recurse if __init__ didn't finish
            raise AttributeError(name)
        return getattr(self.el, name)

    def click(self):
        return self.page.click(self.el)

    def click_and_go(self):
        self._pace("navigate")
        return self.page.click_and_go(self.el)


class TextField(PageObject):
    def get_value(self):
        return self.page.get_el_value(self.el)

    def set_value(self, value):
        LOGGER.info("[%s] set_text(%r)", self.name, value)
        self._pace("text")
        return self.page.set_el_value(self.el, value)


class SelectField(PageObject):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.dropdown = Select(self.el)

    def get_value(self):
        return self.page.get_select_value(self.dropdown)

    def set_value(self, value=None, text=None):
        LOGGER.info("[%s] set_select(%r)", self.name, value if value is not None else text)
        self._pace("select")
        return self.page.set_select_value(self.dropdown, value=value, text=text)

    def select_by_index(self, index):
        self._pace("select")
        return self.dropdown.select_by_index(index)


class CheckField(PageObject):
    def get_checked(self, ignore_disabled=False):
        return self.page.get_checkbox_value(self.el, ignore_disabled)

    def set_checked(self, checked):
        LOGGER.info("[%s] set_checked(%r)", self.name, checked)
        self._pace("checkbox")
        return self.page.set_checkbox(self.el, checked)


class NullField:
    """Falsy placeholder for an element that was not found."""

    def __init__(self, name=None):
        self.name = name

    def __bool__(self):
        return False

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        raise AttributeError(
            f"element {self.name!r} was not found on the page (attribute {attr!r})"
        )

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_fields.py -v Expected: 17 passed

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/fields.py tests/unit/test_fields.py
git commit -m "feat: typed field wrappers with pacing (port of legacy fields.py)"

---

Task 8: page.py (part 1) — element maps and proxy resolution

Files:

• Create: src/wabot/page.py

• Test: tests/unit/test_page.py

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_page.py:

from unittest.mock import MagicMock

from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

from wabot.fields import CheckField, NullField, SelectField, TextField
from wabot.pacing import NoPacing
from wabot.page import Page


class BasePage(Page):
    elements = {
        "username": ("el", ("id", "username")),
        "state": ("select", ("id", "state")),
        "agree": ("checkbox", ("id", "agree")),
        "rows": ("els", ("css selector", "tr.row")),
    }


class ChildPage(BasePage):
    elements = {
        "username": ("el", ("id", "user_name_v2")),  # override
        "extra": ("el", ("id", "extra")),
    }


def make_browser():
    browser = MagicMock(name="browser")
    browser.pacing = NoPacing()
    return browser


class TestElementResolution:
    def test_own_elements_found(self):
        page = BasePage(make_browser())
        assert page.find_element_locators("username") == ("el", ("id", "username"))

    def test_mro_walk_inherits_parent_elements(self):
        page = ChildPage(make_browser())
        assert page.find_element_locators("state") == ("select", ("id", "state"))
        assert page.find_element_locators("extra") == ("el", ("id", "extra"))

    def test_child_overrides_parent(self):
        page = ChildPage(make_browser())
        assert page.find_element_locators("username") == ("el", ("id", "user_name_v2"))

    def test_missing_key_returns_none(self):
        assert BasePage(make_browser()).find_element_locators("nope") is None

    def test_empty_override_still_inherits_ancestors(self):
        class Grandchild(ChildPage):
            elements = {}  # declares nothing; must still resolve ancestor keys

        page = Grandchild(make_browser())
        assert page.find_element_locators("state") == ("select", ("id", "state"))
        assert page.find_element_locators("extra") == ("el", ("id", "extra"))


class TestGetProxy:
    def test_typed_dispatch(self):
        page = BasePage(make_browser())
        assert isinstance(page["username"], TextField)
        assert isinstance(page["agree"], CheckField)

    def test_select_dispatch(self, monkeypatch):
        import wabot.fields as fields_mod

        monkeypatch.setattr(fields_mod, "Select", MagicMock())
        page = BasePage(make_browser())
        assert isinstance(page["state"], SelectField)

    def test_els_returns_find_elements_result(self):
        browser = make_browser()
        page = BasePage(browser)
        result = page["rows"]
        browser.driver.find_elements.assert_called_once_with(
            by="css selector", value="tr.row"
        )
        assert result is browser.driver.find_elements.return_value

    def test_unknown_key_returns_falsy_nullfield(self):
        el = BasePage(make_browser())["nope"]
        assert isinstance(el, NullField)
        assert not el

    def test_element_not_on_page_returns_nullfield(self):
        browser = make_browser()
        browser.driver.find_element.side_effect = NoSuchElementException("gone")
        el = BasePage(browser)["username"]
        assert isinstance(el, NullField)

    def test_custom_field_class_dispatch(self):
        class MyField(TextField):
            pass

        class CustomPage(Page):
            elements = {"thing": (MyField, ("id", "thing"))}

        assert isinstance(CustomPage(make_browser())["thing"], MyField)

    def test_malformed_locator_missing_accessors_returns_nullfield(self):
        class BadPage(Page):
            elements = {"x": ("el",)}  # missing the accessors half

        el = BadPage(make_browser())["x"]
        assert isinstance(el, NullField)
        assert not el

    def test_malformed_accessors_arity_returns_nullfield(self):
        class BadPage(Page):
            elements = {"x": ("els", ("id",))}  # accessors not a (by, value) pair

        assert isinstance(BadPage(make_browser())["x"], NullField)

    def test_unknown_type_returns_nullfield(self):
        class BadPage(Page):
            elements = {"x": ("selct", ("id", "x"))}  # typo'd type string

        assert isinstance(BadPage(make_browser())["x"], NullField)


class TestVerify:
    def test_default_verify_is_true(self):
        assert BasePage(make_browser()).verify() is True

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_page.py -v Expected: FAIL — ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wabot.page'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

src/wabot/page.py (interaction helpers arrive in Task 9; start with exactly this):

"""Page: the base class consumers subclass to model a website page.

Pages declare a class-level ``elements`` map::

    class Login(wabot.Page):
        elements = {
            "username": ("el", ("id", "username")),
            "state":    ("select", ("id", "state")),
            "agree":    ("checkbox", ("id", "agree")),
            "rows":     ("els", ("css selector", "tr.row")),
            "special":  (MyFieldClass, ("id", "special")),
        }

Lookup walks the MRO, so subclasses inherit and override parent maps.
``page[key]`` returns a typed field wrapper (except the ``els`` type, which
returns a raw list of WebElements) and a falsy ``NullField`` when the element
cannot be found.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import logging

from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

from .fields import CheckField, NullField, SelectField, TextField

LOGGER = logging.getLogger("wabot")

ALERT_TIMEOUT = 3
PAGE_LOAD_TIMEOUT = 10

FIELD_TYPES = {"el": TextField, "select": SelectField, "checkbox": CheckField}


class Page:
    elements: dict = {}

    def __init__(self, browser):
        self.browser = browser
        self.driver = browser.driver
        LOGGER.info("loaded page %s", type(self).__name__)

    @property
    def pacing(self):
        return self.browser.pacing

    def verify(self) -> bool:
        """Override to gate ``Browser.set_page`` (return False to refuse)."""
        return True

    def find_element_locators(self, key):
        """First match for ``key`` walking the class hierarchy (MRO order)."""
        for cls in type(self).__mro__:
            locators = getattr(cls, "elements", {}).get(key)
            if locators:
                return locators
        return None

    def get_proxy(self, key):
        locators = self.find_element_locators(key)
        if not locators:
            LOGGER.warning("element not in page map: %s", key)
            return NullField(name=key)
        if not isinstance(locators, (tuple, list)) or len(locators) < 2:
            LOGGER.error(
                "malformed element %r: expected (type, accessors), got %r", key, locators
            )
            return NullField(name=key)
        obj_type, accessors = locators[0], locators[1]
        # built-in types need a (by, value) accessors pair; a custom field class
        # manages its own accessors, so only the built-ins are validated here.
        if (obj_type in FIELD_TYPES or obj_type == "els") and (
            not isinstance(accessors, (tuple, list)) or len(accessors) != 2
        ):
            LOGGER.error(
                "malformed accessors for element %r: expected (by, value), got %r",
                key,
                accessors,
            )
            return NullField(name=key)
        try:
            if obj_type == "els":
                by, value = accessors
                return self.driver.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
            field_cls = FIELD_TYPES.get(obj_type)
            if field_cls is None and isinstance(obj_type, type):
                field_cls = obj_type
            if field_cls is not None:
                return field_cls(page=self, accessors=accessors, name=key)
        except NoSuchElementException:
            LOGGER.debug("element %r not present on current page", key)
            return NullField(name=key)
        LOGGER.error("unknown element type for %r: %r", key, obj_type)
        return NullField(name=key)

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.get_proxy(key)

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_page.py -v Expected: 15 passed

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/page.py tests/unit/test_page.py
git commit -m "feat: Page element maps with MRO inheritance and typed dispatch"

---

Task 9: page.py (part 2) — clicks, forms, alerts, waits

Files:

• Modify: src/wabot/page.py (append methods to Page; extend imports)

• Test: tests/unit/test_page.py (append)

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

Add import wabot.page as page_mod to the top-of-file import block and fold HumanPacing into the existing from wabot.pacing import NoPacing (keeping the imports at the top avoids ruff E402), then append these test classes to tests/unit/test_page.py:

class PlainPage(Page):
    elements = {}


def make_element(width=100, height=30, displayed=True, enabled=True):
    el = MagicMock(name="element")
    el.size = {"width": width, "height": height}
    el.is_displayed.return_value = displayed
    el.is_enabled.return_value = enabled
    return el


class TestClick:
    def test_refuses_null_element(self):
        assert PlainPage(make_browser()).click(None) is False
        assert PlainPage(make_browser()).click(NullField(name="x")) is False

    def test_plain_click_when_pacing_gives_no_offset(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())  # NoPacing -> click_offset None
        el = make_element()
        assert page.click(el) is True
        el.click.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_offset_click_uses_action_chains(self, monkeypatch):
        browser = make_browser()
        browser.pacing = HumanPacing()
        chains = MagicMock(name="ActionChains")
        monkeypatch.setattr(page_mod, "ActionChains", chains)
        page = PlainPage(browser)
        el = make_element(width=100, height=40)
        assert page.click(el) is True
        chains.assert_called_once_with(browser.driver)
        args = chains.return_value.move_to_element_with_offset.call_args.args
        assert args[0] is el
        # offsets are center-relative and must stay inside the element
        assert -49 <= args[1] <= 49 and -19 <= args[2] <= 19
        chains.return_value.move_to_element_with_offset.return_value.click.return_value.perform.assert_called_once()

    def test_never_clickable_element_fails(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        el = make_element(displayed=False)
        assert page.click(el, clickable_timeout=0.3) is False
        el.click.assert_not_called()


class TestFormHelpers:
    def test_set_el_value_clears_types_and_verifies(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        el = make_element()
        el.get_attribute.return_value = "mathew"
        assert page.set_el_value(el, "mathew") is True
        el.clear.assert_called_once_with()
        el.send_keys.assert_called_once_with("mathew")

    def test_set_el_value_returns_false_on_mismatch(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        el = make_element()
        el.get_attribute.return_value = "wrong"
        assert page.set_el_value(el, "mathew") is False

    def test_set_el_value_none_just_clears(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        el = make_element()
        assert page.set_el_value(el, None) is True
        el.clear.assert_called_once_with()
        el.send_keys.assert_not_called()

    def test_get_el_value_and_text_handle_null(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        assert page.get_el_value(None) is None
        assert page.get_el_text(None) is None

    def test_set_checkbox_clicks_only_when_state_differs(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        el = make_element()
        el.is_selected.return_value = False
        page.set_checkbox(el, True)
        el.click.assert_called_once()
        el.click.reset_mock()
        el.is_selected.return_value = True
        page.set_checkbox(el, True)
        el.click.assert_not_called()


class TestStaleness:
    def test_fresh_element_is_not_stale(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        assert page.is_element_stale(make_element()) is False

    def test_stale_element_is_detected(self):
        from selenium.common.exceptions import StaleElementReferenceException

        class StaleEl:  # NOT a MagicMock: mutating type(mock) would poison every mock
            @property
            def tag_name(self):
                raise StaleElementReferenceException("stale")

        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        assert page.is_element_stale(StaleEl()) is True


class TestAlert:
    def test_accept_alert_accepts_and_returns_text(self, monkeypatch):
        browser = make_browser()
        page = PlainPage(browser)
        monkeypatch.setattr(page_mod, "WebDriverWait", MagicMock())  # until() won't raise
        alert = browser.driver.switch_to.alert
        alert.text = "confirm?"
        assert page.accept_alert() == "confirm?"
        alert.accept.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_accept_alert_can_dismiss(self, monkeypatch):
        browser = make_browser()
        page = PlainPage(browser)
        monkeypatch.setattr(page_mod, "WebDriverWait", MagicMock())
        alert = browser.driver.switch_to.alert
        alert.text = "confirm?"
        page.accept_alert(accept=False)
        alert.dismiss.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_accept_alert_returns_false_when_no_alert(self, monkeypatch):
        from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        wait = MagicMock()
        wait.return_value.until.side_effect = TimeoutException()
        monkeypatch.setattr(page_mod, "WebDriverWait", wait)
        assert page.accept_alert(timeout=0) is False


class TestSelectHelpers:
    def test_get_select_value(self):
        select = MagicMock()
        select.first_selected_option.get_attribute.return_value = "CO"
        assert PlainPage(make_browser()).get_select_value(select) == "CO"

    def test_get_select_value_null_returns_none(self):
        assert PlainPage(make_browser()).get_select_value(None) is None

    def test_set_select_value_by_value_including_zero(self):
        # legacy `if value:` skipped a valid 0/"" — verify the fix
        select = MagicMock()
        assert PlainPage(make_browser()).set_select_value(select, value=0) is True
        select.select_by_value.assert_called_once_with("0")

    def test_set_select_value_by_text(self):
        select = MagicMock()
        assert PlainPage(make_browser()).set_select_value(select, text="Colorado") is True
        select.select_by_visible_text.assert_called_once_with("Colorado")


class TestCheckboxAndCoercion:
    def test_set_checkbox_returns_false_when_click_fails(self, monkeypatch):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        el = make_element()
        el.is_enabled.return_value = True
        el.is_selected.return_value = False  # needs toggling
        monkeypatch.setattr(page, "click", lambda e: False)  # click fails
        assert page.set_checkbox(el, True) is False

    def test_set_checkbox_disabled_returns_false(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        el = make_element()
        el.is_enabled.return_value = False
        assert page.set_checkbox(el, True) is False

    def test_set_el_value_coerces_non_str(self):
        page = PlainPage(make_browser())
        el = make_element()
        el.get_attribute.return_value = "42"
        assert page.set_el_value(el, 42) is True
        el.send_keys.assert_called_once_with("42")

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_page.py -v Expected: new tests FAIL with AttributeError: 'PlainPage' object has no attribute 'click'; Task-8 tests still pass.

• Step 3: Write the implementation

Extend the import block of src/wabot/page.py to:

import logging
import time

from selenium.common.exceptions import (
    NoSuchElementException,
    StaleElementReferenceException,
    TimeoutException,
    WebDriverException,
)
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

from .fields import CheckField, NullField, SelectField, TextField

(screenshot.py is deliberately NOT imported at module level — it doesn't exist until Task 10; save_screenshot below imports it lazily. Create the placeholder now so that lazy import resolves. src/wabot/screenshot.py:)

"""Full-page screenshots. Implemented in the screenshot task."""

Append these methods to class Page:

    # ---- clicking -----------------------------------------------------

    def click(self, el, clickable_timeout: float = 10.0) -> bool:
        """Click, at a pacing-chosen offset when the policy asks for one."""
        if not el:
            LOGGER.warning("refusing to click null element")
            return False
        if not self._wait_clickable(el, clickable_timeout):
            return False
        try:
            size = el.size
        except StaleElementReferenceException:
            LOGGER.error("failed to click element: stale reference")
            return False
        offset = self.pacing.click_offset(size["width"], size["height"])
        try:
            if offset is None:
                el.click()
            else:
                x, y = offset  # measured from element center (selenium 4)
                ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element_with_offset(el, x, y).click().perform()
            return True
        except WebDriverException as ex:
            LOGGER.error("click failed: %s", ex)
            return False

    def _wait_clickable(self, el, timeout: float) -> bool:
        deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
        while True:
            try:
                if el.is_displayed() and el.is_enabled():
                    return True
            except StaleElementReferenceException:
                return False
            if time.monotonic() >= deadline:
                LOGGER.error("element never became clickable")
                return False
            time.sleep(0.2)

    def click_and_go(self, el) -> bool:
        """Click, accept any alert, then wait for the page to change."""
        if not self.click(el):
            return False
        self.accept_alert()
        return self._wait_for_element_to_go_stale(el)

    def _wait_for_element_to_go_stale(self, el) -> bool:
        try:
            WebDriverWait(self.driver, PAGE_LOAD_TIMEOUT).until(
                lambda _driver: self.is_element_stale(el)
            )
            return True
        except TimeoutException:
            LOGGER.error("timed out waiting for page load")
            return False

    def is_element_stale(self, el) -> bool:
        try:
            _ = el.tag_name
            return False
        except StaleElementReferenceException:
            return True

    # ---- alerts -------------------------------------------------------

    def accept_alert(self, accept: bool = True, timeout: float = ALERT_TIMEOUT):
        """Accept (or dismiss) a JS alert if one appears within ``timeout``.

        Returns the alert text, or False if no alert appeared. There is a
        timeout penalty when no alert exists.
        """
        try:
            WebDriverWait(self.driver, timeout).until(EC.alert_is_present())
        except TimeoutException:
            LOGGER.debug("no js alert present")
            return False
        alert = self.driver.switch_to.alert
        text = alert.text
        if accept:
            alert.accept()
        else:
            alert.dismiss()
        LOGGER.debug("handled js alert: %s", text)
        return text

    # ---- form helpers -------------------------------------------------

    def get_el_value(self, el):
        if not el:
            return None
        return el.get_attribute("value")

    def get_el_text(self, el):
        if not el:
            return None
        return el.text

    def set_el_value(self, el, value, slow_type: bool = False) -> bool:
        if not el:
            return False
        el.clear()
        if value is None:
            return True
        try:
            if slow_type:
                for char in str(value):
                    el.send_keys(char)
                    time.sleep(self.pacing.delay("text") / 10.0)
            else:
                el.send_keys(str(value))
        except WebDriverException as ex:
            LOGGER.error("failed to send keys, element in unknown state: %s", ex)
            return False
        actual = self.get_el_value(el)
        # verify the field holds exactly what we typed (strict: fields that
        # normalize input will read back as a mismatch)
        if str(actual) != str(value):
            LOGGER.error("field value mismatch: wanted %r, field has %r", value, actual)
            return False
        return True

    def get_select_value(self, select):
        if not select:
            LOGGER.error("tried to get select value of null element")
            return None
        try:
            return select.first_selected_option.get_attribute("value")
        except NoSuchElementException:
            return None

    def set_select_value(self, select, value=None, text=None) -> bool:
        if not select:
            return False
        try:
            if value is not None:
                select.select_by_value(str(value))
                return True
            if text is not None:
                select.select_by_visible_text(text)
                return True
        except (NoSuchElementException, WebDriverException) as ex:
            LOGGER.error("failed to set select: %s", ex)
        return False

    def set_checkbox(self, el, checked: bool) -> bool:
        if not el:
            return False
        if not el.is_enabled():
            return False
        if el.is_selected() != checked:
            return self.click(el)  # propagate: a failed click is a failed set
        return True

    def get_checkbox_value(self, el, ignore_disabled: bool = False):
        """True if (enabled and) checked; None for a null element."""
        if not el:
            return None
        return (ignore_disabled or el.is_enabled()) and el.is_selected()

    def get_el_identifier(self, el):
        """A quick human-readable identifier for logging."""
        for attr in ("id", "name", "class"):
            value = el.get_attribute(attr)
            if value:
                return value
        return el.tag_name

    # ---- screenshots ----------------------------------------------------

    def save_screenshot(self, filename: str) -> bool:
        from . import screenshot as screenshot_mod

        LOGGER.info("saving full-page screenshot: %s", filename)
        return screenshot_mod.save_full_page(self.driver, filename)

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_page.py -v Expected: 36 passed (15 from Task 8 + 21 new)

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/page.py src/wabot/screenshot.py tests/unit/test_page.py
git commit -m "feat: Page interaction helpers (paced clicks, forms, alerts, waits)"

---

Task 10: screenshot.py — full-page screenshots

Files:

• Modify: src/wabot/screenshot.py (replace the Task-9 placeholder)

• Test: tests/unit/test_screenshot.py

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_screenshot.py:

import base64
from io import BytesIO
from unittest.mock import MagicMock

from PIL import Image

from wabot.screenshot import FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT, save_full_page


def png_bytes(width, height, color=(200, 30, 30)):
    buf = BytesIO()
    Image.new("RGB", (width, height), color).save(buf, format="PNG")
    return buf.getvalue()


class TestFirefoxPath:
    def test_registers_raw_command_and_decodes_base64(self, tmp_path):
        driver = MagicMock(name="driver")
        driver.capabilities = {"browserName": "firefox"}
        driver.command_executor._commands = {}
        driver.execute.return_value = {"value": base64.b64encode(png_bytes(50, 80)).decode()}
        out = tmp_path / "shot.png"
        assert save_full_page(driver, str(out)) is True
        # helper methods only exist on webdriver.Firefox, so the raw
        # geckodriver command must have been registered for Remote support
        assert driver.command_executor._commands[FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT] == (
            "GET",
            "/session/$sessionId/moz/screenshot/full",
        )
        driver.execute.assert_called_once_with(FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT)
        assert Image.open(out).size == (50, 80)


class TestChromiumPath:
    def test_single_viewport_page_is_saved_directly(self, tmp_path):
        driver = MagicMock(name="driver")
        driver.capabilities = {"browserName": "chrome"}
        # page fits in one viewport: total == viewport
        driver.execute_script.side_effect = lambda script: {
            "return document.body.parentNode.scrollWidth": 100,
            "return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight": 60,
            "return document.documentElement.clientWidth": 100,
            "return window.innerHeight": 60,
        }.get(script, None)
        driver.get_screenshot_as_png.return_value = png_bytes(100, 60)
        out = tmp_path / "shot.png"
        assert save_full_page(driver, str(out)) is True
        assert Image.open(out).size == (100, 60)

    def test_tall_page_is_stitched_from_tiles(self, tmp_path):
        driver = MagicMock(name="driver")
        driver.capabilities = {"browserName": "chrome"}
        driver.execute_script.side_effect = lambda script: {
            "return document.body.parentNode.scrollWidth": 100,
            "return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight": 150,  # 3 tiles of 60
            "return document.documentElement.clientWidth": 100,
            "return window.innerHeight": 60,
        }.get(script, None)
        driver.get_screenshot_as_png.return_value = png_bytes(100, 60)
        out = tmp_path / "shot.png"
        assert save_full_page(driver, str(out)) is True
        assert Image.open(out).size == (100, 150)
        # scrolled at least twice beyond the initial position
        scroll_calls = [
            c for c in driver.execute_script.call_args_list
            if c.args and str(c.args[0]).startswith("window.scrollTo")
        ]
        assert len(scroll_calls) >= 2

    def test_tall_page_stitches_tiles_bottom_aligned(self, tmp_path):
        driver = MagicMock(name="driver")
        driver.capabilities = {"browserName": "chrome"}
        driver.execute_script.side_effect = lambda script: {
            "return document.body.parentNode.scrollWidth": 100,
            "return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight": 150,  # 3 tiles of 60
            "return document.documentElement.clientWidth": 100,
            "return window.innerHeight": 60,
        }.get(script)  # window.scrollTo(...) -> None
        driver.get_screenshot_as_png.side_effect = [
            png_bytes(100, 60, (255, 0, 0)),   # tile @ y=0
            png_bytes(100, 60, (0, 255, 0)),   # tile @ y=60
            png_bytes(100, 60, (0, 0, 255)),   # tile @ y=120, clamped to paste_y=90
        ]
        out = tmp_path / "shot.png"
        assert save_full_page(driver, str(out)) is True
        img = Image.open(out)
        assert img.size == (100, 150)
        assert img.getpixel((50, 30)) == (255, 0, 0)    # first tile
        assert img.getpixel((50, 75)) == (0, 255, 0)     # second tile (rows 60-89)
        assert img.getpixel((50, 140)) == (0, 0, 255)    # third tile, bottom-aligned

    def test_wide_page_clamps_last_column(self, tmp_path):
        driver = MagicMock(name="driver")
        driver.capabilities = {"browserName": "chrome"}
        driver.execute_script.side_effect = lambda script: {
            "return document.body.parentNode.scrollWidth": 150,  # 2 columns of 100
            "return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight": 60,
            "return document.documentElement.clientWidth": 100,
            "return window.innerHeight": 60,
        }.get(script)
        driver.get_screenshot_as_png.side_effect = [
            png_bytes(100, 60, (255, 0, 0)),   # column @ x=0
            png_bytes(100, 60, (0, 0, 255)),   # column @ x=100, clamped to paste_x=50
        ]
        out = tmp_path / "shot.png"
        assert save_full_page(driver, str(out)) is True
        img = Image.open(out)
        assert img.size == (150, 60)
        assert img.getpixel((25, 30)) == (255, 0, 0)     # left column (cols 0-49)
        assert img.getpixel((140, 30)) == (0, 0, 255)    # right column, clamped (cols 50-149)

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_screenshot.py -v Expected: FAIL — ImportError: cannot import name 'FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

Replace src/wabot/screenshot.py entirely:

"""Full-page screenshots for both browser families.

Firefox: geckodriver has a native endpoint, but selenium only exposes it
on ``webdriver.Firefox`` — not on ``Remote`` — so the raw command is
registered by hand and works for both.

Chromium: no full-page endpoint exists; the page is captured viewport by
viewport while scrolling, then stitched with PIL (port of the legacy
workaround, using in-memory PNGs instead of temp files).
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import base64
import logging
import time
from io import BytesIO

from PIL import Image

LOGGER = logging.getLogger("wabot")

FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT = "fullPageScreenshot"
_SCROLL_SETTLE_SECONDS = 0.2


def save_full_page(driver, filename: str) -> bool:
    """Save a full-page PNG of the current page to ``filename``."""
    if driver.capabilities.get("browserName") == "firefox":
        return _firefox_full_page(driver, filename)
    return _stitch_chromium(driver, filename)


def _firefox_full_page(driver, filename: str) -> bool:
    driver.command_executor._commands.setdefault(
        FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT, ("GET", "/session/$sessionId/moz/screenshot/full")
    )
    b64 = driver.execute(FULL_PAGE_SCREENSHOT)["value"]
    with open(filename, "wb") as fp:
        fp.write(base64.b64decode(b64))
    return True


def _stitch_chromium(driver, filename: str) -> bool:
    total_width = driver.execute_script("return document.body.parentNode.scrollWidth")
    total_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight")
    viewport_width = driver.execute_script("return document.documentElement.clientWidth")
    viewport_height = driver.execute_script("return window.innerHeight")

    if total_width <= viewport_width and total_height <= viewport_height:
        with open(filename, "wb") as fp:
            fp.write(driver.get_screenshot_as_png())
        return True

    stitched = Image.new("RGB", (total_width, total_height))
    y = 0
    while y < total_height:
        x = 0
        while x < total_width:
            driver.execute_script(f"window.scrollTo({x}, {y})")
            time.sleep(_SCROLL_SETTLE_SECONDS)
            # Tiles are device pixels; the canvas/scroll math is CSS pixels. Assumes
            # devicePixelRatio == 1 (true for headless chromium in the test target).
            with Image.open(BytesIO(driver.get_screenshot_as_png())) as tile:
                # the last row/column can't scroll a full viewport: paste aligned
                # to the bottom/right edge instead of duplicating content
                paste_x = min(x, total_width - viewport_width)
                paste_y = min(y, total_height - viewport_height)
                stitched.paste(tile, (max(paste_x, 0), max(paste_y, 0)))
            x += viewport_width
        y += viewport_height
    stitched.save(filename)
    LOGGER.debug("stitched %sx%s screenshot -> %s", total_width, total_height, filename)
    return True

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_screenshot.py -v Expected: 5 passed. Also run uv run pytest — all unit tests still pass.

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/screenshot.py tests/unit/test_screenshot.py
git commit -m "feat: full-page screenshots (firefox raw command, chromium PIL stitch)"

---

Task 11: _browser.py — the Browser facade

Files:

• Create: src/wabot/_browser.py
• Test: tests/unit/test_browser.py

Naming note: the spec says "reset_good_status() retained"; under the approved free-API-redesign decision it is renamed to the cleaner reset() (same semantics: clears the broken-state flag). This is the only intentional naming deviation from the spec.

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_browser.py:

from types import SimpleNamespace
from unittest.mock import MagicMock

import pytest
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

from wabot._browser import Browser
from wabot.pacing import HumanPacing, NoPacing
from wabot.page import Page


class Login(Page):
    elements = {"username": ("el", ("id", "username"))}

    def do_login(self):
        return "logged-in"

    def explode(self):
        raise WebDriverException("browser gone")


class Unverifiable(Page):
    def verify(self):
        return False


@pytest.fixture
def bot():
    return Browser(MagicMock(name="driver"), pacing=NoPacing())


class TestConstruction:
    def test_good_flag_starts_true(self, bot):
        assert bot.good is True

    def test_default_pacing_is_human(self):
        assert isinstance(Browser(MagicMock()).pacing, HumanPacing)


class TestSetPage:
    def test_sets_and_returns_true(self, bot):
        assert bot.set_page(Login) is True
        assert isinstance(bot.page, Login)

    def test_failed_verify_refuses_switch(self, bot):
        bot.set_page(Login)
        assert bot.set_page(Unverifiable) is False
        assert isinstance(bot.page, Login)  # unchanged


class TestDelegation:
    def test_getattr_delegates_to_page(self, bot):
        bot.set_page(Login)
        assert bot.do_login() == "logged-in"

    def test_getitem_delegates_to_page(self, bot):
        bot.set_page(Login)
        el = bot["username"]
        assert el.name == "username"

    def test_getattr_without_page_raises(self, bot):
        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
            _ = bot.do_login

    def test_direct_delegation_does_not_flip_good(self, bot):
        # only perform() traps+flips; direct bot.x() is the raw path
        bot.set_page(Login)
        with pytest.raises(WebDriverException):
            bot.explode()
        assert bot.good is True

    def test_getitem_without_page_raises_friendly(self, bot):
        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="no current page"):
            bot["username"]

    def test_repr_shows_page_and_good(self, bot):
        assert "page=None" in repr(bot) and "good=True" in repr(bot)
        bot.set_page(Login)
        assert "page=Login" in repr(bot)


class TestPerform:
    def test_returns_method_result(self, bot):
        bot.set_page(Login)
        assert bot.perform("do_login") == "logged-in"

    def test_missing_method_returns_none(self, bot):
        bot.set_page(Login)
        assert bot.perform("nope") is None

    def test_webdriver_exception_flips_good(self, bot):
        bot.set_page(Login)
        assert bot.perform("explode") is None
        assert bot.good is False

    def test_broken_state_refuses_actions_until_reset(self, bot):
        bot.set_page(Login)
        bot.perform("explode")
        assert bot.perform("do_login") is None  # refused
        assert bot.do_login() is None           # __getattr__ path also refused
        bot.reset()
        assert bot.perform("do_login") == "logged-in"

    def test_broken_state_attribute_read_returns_noop_callable(self, bot):
        # documents the footgun: while broken, an attribute read yields the
        # no-op refusal callable, not the underlying value
        bot.set_page(Login)
        bot.perform("explode")  # flips good=False
        assert callable(bot.anything)


class TestQuit:
    def test_quit_quits_driver_and_removes_session(self):
        driver, store = MagicMock(), MagicMock()
        store.get.return_value = SimpleNamespace(service_pid=None)  # external: nothing to stop
        bot = Browser(driver, session_name="s1", store=store)
        bot.quit()
        driver.quit.assert_called_once_with()
        store.remove.assert_called_once_with("s1")

    def test_quit_without_session_only_quits(self):
        driver = MagicMock()
        Browser(driver).quit()
        driver.quit.assert_called_once_with()

    def test_quit_stops_managed_service(self, monkeypatch):
        import wabot._browser as browser_mod

        stopped = []
        monkeypatch.setattr(browser_mod, "stop_service", lambda pid: stopped.append(pid))
        driver, store = MagicMock(), MagicMock()
        store.get.return_value = SimpleNamespace(service_pid=4321)  # managed session
        bot = Browser(driver, session_name="s1", store=store)
        bot.quit()
        assert stopped == [4321]
        store.remove.assert_called_once_with("s1")

    def test_quit_removes_record_even_if_driver_quit_raises(self, monkeypatch):
        import wabot._browser as browser_mod

        monkeypatch.setattr(browser_mod, "stop_service", lambda pid: None)
        driver, store = MagicMock(), MagicMock()
        driver.quit.side_effect = WebDriverException("boom")
        store.get.return_value = SimpleNamespace(service_pid=None)
        bot = Browser(driver, session_name="s1", store=store)
        with pytest.raises(WebDriverException):
            bot.quit()
        store.remove.assert_called_once_with("s1")  # finally block still ran

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_browser.py -v Expected: FAIL — ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wabot.browser'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

src/wabot/_browser.py:

"""Browser: the facade consumers drive.

Holds the webdriver plus a *current page* object. Unknown attribute
access is delegated to the current page (``bot.login()`` invokes
``bot.page.login()``); ``bot[key]`` resolves elements on it. Any
``perform()`` failure flips ``good = False``, after which page actions
are refused until ``reset()`` — "log and refuse, don't crash".

    Two ways to drive the current page:

    * Direct delegation — ``bot.login()`` calls ``bot.page.login()``. This is
      the raw path: it raises on error and does NOT touch ``good``.
    * ``bot.perform("login")`` — traps driver failures, flips ``good`` to
      False on error, and refuses further page actions until ``reset()``.

    Route anything that can fail through ``perform()`` for the guard. While
    ``good`` is False, refused delegation returns a no-op callable, so
    ``bot.x()`` yields None; reading a page *attribute* in that state is not
    meaningful.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import logging

from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

from .hosts import stop_service
from .pacing import HumanPacing

LOGGER = logging.getLogger("wabot")

# attributes that must never be delegated to the page
_OWN_ATTRS = frozenset(
    {"driver", "pacing", "session_name", "good", "page", "_store"}
)


def _refused(*_args, **_kwargs):
    return None


class Browser:
    def __init__(self, driver, *, pacing=None, session_name=None, store=None):
        self.driver = driver
        self.pacing = pacing if pacing is not None else HumanPacing()
        self.session_name = session_name
        self._store = store
        self.good = True
        self.page = None

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        page = type(self.page).__name__ if self.page is not None else None
        return f"<Browser page={page} good={self.good}>"

    def set_page(self, page_cls) -> bool:
        """Instantiate ``page_cls`` and make it current if its verify() passes.

        A consumer ``verify()`` that raises propagates (it is not trapped).
        """
        page = page_cls(self)
        if not page.verify():
            LOGGER.error("failed to verify page: %s", page_cls.__name__)
            return False
        self.page = page
        return True

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name in _OWN_ATTRS or name.startswith("__"):
            raise AttributeError(name)
        if self.page is None:
            raise AttributeError(
                f"{name!r}: no current page — call set_page() first"
            )
        if not self.good:
            LOGGER.warning("broken state — refusing page action %r (call reset())", name)
            return _refused
        return getattr(self.page, name)

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if self.page is None:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"cannot resolve element {key!r}: no current page — call set_page() first"
            )
        return self.page[key]

    def perform(self, method: str, *args, **kwargs):
        """Invoke a page method, trapping driver failures instead of raising."""
        if not self.good:
            LOGGER.warning("broken state — refusing %r (call reset())", method)
            return None
        try:
            fn = getattr(self.page, method)
        except AttributeError:
            LOGGER.error("page %s has no action %r", type(self.page).__name__, method)
            return None
        try:
            return fn(*args, **kwargs)
        except WebDriverException:
            LOGGER.exception("page action %r failed; flipping good=False", method)
            self.good = False
            return None

    def reset(self) -> None:
        """Clear the broken-state flag after an exception."""
        self.good = True

    def quit(self) -> None:
        """Quit the browser and forget the saved session.

        For a wabot-managed driver service, its detached process is also
        stopped — a plain ``driver.quit()`` leaves that service running.
        External servers (records without a ``service_pid``) are left alone.
        Use this for full teardown; to keep a session alive for another
        process, let this process exit WITHOUT calling ``quit()``.
        """
        record = None
        if self._store is not None and self.session_name:
            record = self._store.get(self.session_name)
        try:
            self.driver.quit()
        finally:
            if record is not None and record.service_pid:
                stop_service(record.service_pid)
            if self._store is not None and self.session_name:
                self._store.remove(self.session_name)

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_browser.py -v Expected: 19 passed

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/_browser.py tests/unit/test_browser.py
git commit -m "feat: Browser facade with working refuse-after-exception guard"

---

Task 12: __init__.py — public API: browser(), sessions(), destroy()

Files:

• Modify: src/wabot/__init__.py

• Test: tests/unit/test_api.py

• Step 1: Write the failing tests

tests/unit/test_api.py. All webdriver construction is monkeypatched — these tests exercise the wiring, not selenium:

from unittest.mock import MagicMock

import pytest

import wabot
from wabot.sessions import SessionRecord, SessionStore


@pytest.fixture
def store(tmp_path):
    return SessionStore(path=tmp_path / "sessions.json")


@pytest.fixture
def fake_selenium(monkeypatch):
    """Patch every constructor that would talk to a real browser."""
    fakes = MagicMock(name="fakes")
    fakes.Remote.return_value.session_id = "new-session-id"
    monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "_new_remote", fakes.Remote)
    monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "_new_local", fakes.Local)
    monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "attach", fakes.attach)
    monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "service_alive", fakes.service_alive)
    fakes.managed = MagicMock(name="ManagedService_instance")
    fakes.managed.ensure_running.return_value = "http://127.0.0.1:7777"
    fakes.managed.pid, fakes.managed.port = 4321, 7777
    monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "ManagedService", MagicMock(return_value=fakes.managed))
    return fakes


class TestEphemeral:
    def test_no_session_no_host_uses_local_driver(self, fake_selenium, store):
        bot = wabot.browser(store=store)
        fake_selenium.Local.assert_called_once()
        assert bot.driver is fake_selenium.Local.return_value
        assert store.names() == []  # nothing persisted

    def test_no_session_with_host_uses_remote_without_saving(self, fake_selenium, store):
        wabot.browser(host="http://grid:4444", store=store)
        fake_selenium.Remote.assert_called_once()
        assert fake_selenium.Remote.call_args.args[0] == "http://grid:4444"
        assert store.names() == []


class TestPersistentCreate:
    def test_managed_service_created_and_recorded(self, fake_selenium, store):
        bot = wabot.browser(session="s1", browser="chromium", store=store)
        record = store.get("s1")
        assert record == SessionRecord(
            name="s1",
            executor_url="http://127.0.0.1:7777",
            session_id="new-session-id",
            browser="chromium",
            created_at=record.created_at,
            service_pid=4321,
            service_port=7777,
        )
        assert bot.session_name == "s1"

    def test_external_host_records_no_pid(self, fake_selenium, store, monkeypatch):
        external = MagicMock()
        external.ensure_running.return_value = "http://grid:4444"
        del external.pid  # ExternalServer has no pid/port attributes
        del external.port
        monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "ExternalServer", MagicMock(return_value=external))
        wabot.browser(session="s1", host="http://grid:4444", store=store)
        record = store.get("s1")
        assert record.executor_url == "http://grid:4444"
        assert record.service_pid is None and record.service_port is None


class TestReattach:
    def make_record(self, store):
        from datetime import datetime, timezone

        store.save(
            SessionRecord(
                name="s1",
                executor_url="http://127.0.0.1:7777",
                session_id="old-session",
                browser="chromium",
                created_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
            )
        )

    def test_live_record_is_reattached(self, fake_selenium, store):
        self.make_record(store)
        fake_selenium.service_alive.return_value = True
        bot = wabot.browser(session="s1", store=store)
        fake_selenium.attach.assert_called_once_with(
            "http://127.0.0.1:7777", "old-session", "chromium"
        )
        assert bot.driver is fake_selenium.attach.return_value
        fake_selenium.Remote.assert_not_called()

    def test_dead_record_falls_through_to_fresh_creation(self, fake_selenium, store):
        self.make_record(store)
        fake_selenium.service_alive.return_value = True
        fake_selenium.attach.return_value = None  # session gone
        wabot.browser(session="s1", store=store)
        fake_selenium.Remote.assert_called_once()
        assert store.get("s1").session_id == "new-session-id"

    def test_dead_server_skips_attach_entirely(self, fake_selenium, store):
        self.make_record(store)
        fake_selenium.service_alive.return_value = False
        wabot.browser(session="s1", store=store)
        fake_selenium.attach.assert_not_called()
        fake_selenium.Remote.assert_called_once()


class TestHousekeeping:
    def test_sessions_lists_names(self, store):
        assert wabot.sessions(store=store) == []

    def test_destroy_quits_kills_and_removes(self, fake_selenium, store, monkeypatch):
        from datetime import datetime, timezone

        stop = MagicMock()
        monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "stop_service", stop)
        store.save(
            SessionRecord(
                name="s1",
                executor_url="http://127.0.0.1:7777",
                session_id="old-session",
                browser="chromium",
                created_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
                service_pid=4321,
            )
        )
        fake_selenium.service_alive.return_value = True
        assert wabot.destroy("s1", store=store) is True
        fake_selenium.attach.return_value.quit.assert_called_once_with()
        stop.assert_called_once_with(4321)
        assert store.get("s1") is None

    def test_destroy_missing_returns_false(self, store):
        assert wabot.destroy("nope", store=store) is False


class TestResourceCleanup:
    def test_managed_service_stopped_when_driver_creation_fails(
        self, fake_selenium, store, monkeypatch
    ):
        from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

        stopped = []
        monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "stop_service", lambda pid: stopped.append(pid))
        fake_selenium.Remote.side_effect = WebDriverException("startup failed")
        with pytest.raises(WebDriverException):
            wabot.browser(session="s1", browser="chromium", store=store)
        assert stopped == [4321]  # spawned managed service was stopped
        assert store.get("s1") is None  # nothing persisted

    def test_dead_managed_session_stops_old_service_before_recreating(
        self, fake_selenium, store, monkeypatch
    ):
        from datetime import datetime, timezone

        stopped = []
        monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "stop_service", lambda pid: stopped.append(pid))
        store.save(wabot.SessionRecord(
            name="s1", executor_url="http://127.0.0.1:7777", session_id="old",
            browser="chromium", created_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
            service_pid=9999, service_port=7777,
        ))
        fake_selenium.service_alive.return_value = True
        fake_selenium.attach.return_value = None  # session dead on a live server
        wabot.browser(session="s1", store=store)
        assert 9999 in stopped  # old managed service stopped, not leaked
        fake_selenium.Remote.assert_called_once()  # fresh browser created
        assert store.get("s1").session_id == "new-session-id"


class TestDestroyEdges:
    def _save(self, store, **kw):
        from datetime import datetime, timezone

        defaults = dict(
            name="s1", executor_url="http://127.0.0.1:7777", session_id="old",
            browser="chromium", created_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
        )
        defaults.update(kw)
        store.save(wabot.SessionRecord(**defaults))

    def test_destroy_external_session_does_not_stop_service(
        self, fake_selenium, store, monkeypatch
    ):
        stopped = []
        monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "stop_service", lambda pid: stopped.append(pid))
        self._save(store, name="ext", executor_url="http://grid:4444", service_pid=None)
        fake_selenium.service_alive.return_value = True
        assert wabot.destroy("ext", store=store) is True
        assert stopped == []  # external server: not ours to stop
        assert store.get("ext") is None

    def test_destroy_dead_session_still_stops_and_removes(self, fake_selenium, store, monkeypatch):
        stopped = []
        monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "stop_service", lambda pid: stopped.append(pid))
        self._save(store, service_pid=4321)
        fake_selenium.service_alive.return_value = True
        fake_selenium.attach.return_value = None  # dead session
        assert wabot.destroy("s1", store=store) is True
        assert stopped == [4321]  # service stopped despite dead session
        assert store.get("s1") is None


class TestPlumbing:
    def test_headless_and_user_agent_reach_build_options(self, fake_selenium, store, monkeypatch):
        captured = {}
        real_build = wabot.build_options

        def spy(browser, **kwargs):
            captured.update(kwargs)
            return real_build(browser, **kwargs)

        monkeypatch.setattr(wabot, "build_options", spy)
        wabot.browser(browser="chromium", headless=True, user_agent="Bot/1.0", store=store)
        assert captured == {"headless": True, "user_agent": "Bot/1.0"}

    def test_pacing_reaches_browser(self, fake_selenium, store):
        pacing = wabot.NoPacing()
        bot = wabot.browser(browser="chromium", pacing=pacing, store=store)
        assert bot.pacing is pacing


class TestPublicSurface:
    def test_all_exports_exist(self):
        for name in wabot.__all__:
            assert hasattr(wabot, name), name

• Step 2: Run tests to verify they fail

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_api.py -v Expected: FAIL — AttributeError: module 'wabot' has no attribute 'browser'

• Step 3: Write the implementation

Replace src/wabot/__init__.py entirely:

"""wabot — stateful Selenium browser automation with reattachable sessions.

Quickstart::

    import wabot

    bot = wabot.browser(session="scraper1", browser="firefox")
    # ... process exits; the browser stays open ...
    bot = wabot.browser(session="scraper1", browser="firefox")  # reattaches
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import contextlib
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timezone

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

from ._browser import Browser
from .fields import CheckField, NullField, PageObject, SelectField, TextField
from .hosts import (
    ExternalServer,
    ManagedService,
    attach,
    build_options,
    normalize_browser,
    service_alive,
    stop_service,
)
from .page import Page
from .pacing import HumanPacing, NoPacing
from .sessions import SessionRecord, SessionStore

__all__ = [
    "Browser",
    "CheckField",
    "HumanPacing",
    "NoPacing",
    "NullField",
    "Page",
    "PageObject",
    "SelectField",
    "SessionRecord",
    "SessionStore",
    "TextField",
    "browser",
    "destroy",
    "sessions",
]

LOGGER = logging.getLogger("wabot")


def _new_remote(url: str, options):
    return webdriver.Remote(command_executor=url, options=options)


def _new_local(browser_name: str, options):
    if browser_name == "chromium":
        return webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
    return webdriver.Firefox(options=options)


def browser(
    session: str | None = None,
    browser: str = "firefox",
    host: str | None = None,
    *,
    headless: bool = False,
    user_agent: str | None = None,
    pacing=None,
    store: SessionStore | None = None,
) -> Browser:
    """Create a Browser, reattaching to a saved session when one exists.

    When reattaching to an existing session, ``headless`` and ``user_agent``
    are ignored (the browser already exists).

    Args:
        session: Persistence name. None (default) = ephemeral: the browser
            is not saved and (without ``host``) dies with this process.
        browser: "firefox" or "chromium" ("chrome" is an alias).
        host: URL of an external WebDriver server (Selenium Grid or a bare
            driver). Without it, persistent sessions get a wabot-managed
            detached driver service.
        headless: Run the browser headless.
        user_agent: Override the browser's user agent (default: browser's own).
        pacing: A pacing policy; defaults to HumanPacing (stealth delays).
        store: SessionStore override, mainly for tests.
    """
    browser_name = normalize_browser(browser)
    options = build_options(browser_name, headless=headless, user_agent=user_agent)

    if session is None:
        if host:
            return Browser(_new_remote(host, options), pacing=pacing)
        return Browser(_new_local(browser_name, options), pacing=pacing)

    store = store if store is not None else SessionStore()
    record = store.get(session)
    if record is not None:
        if service_alive(record.executor_url):
            driver = attach(record.executor_url, record.session_id, record.browser)
            if driver is not None:
                LOGGER.info("reattached to session %r", session)
                return Browser(driver, pacing=pacing, session_name=session, store=store)
        LOGGER.warning("saved session %r is dead; creating a fresh browser", session)
        if record.service_pid:
            stop_service(record.service_pid)  # don't leak the old managed service
        store.remove(session)

    host_obj = ExternalServer(host) if host else ManagedService(browser_name)
    url = host_obj.ensure_running()
    driver = None
    try:
        driver = _new_remote(url, options)
        store.save(
            SessionRecord(
                name=session,
                executor_url=url,
                session_id=driver.session_id,
                browser=browser_name,
                created_at=datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
                service_pid=getattr(host_obj, "pid", None),
                service_port=getattr(host_obj, "port", None),
            )
        )
    except BaseException:
        # startup or persistence failed: don't leak the driver session or the
        # detached service we just spawned
        if driver is not None:
            with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                driver.quit()
        pid = getattr(host_obj, "pid", None)
        if pid:
            stop_service(pid)
        raise
    LOGGER.info("created persistent session %r on %s", session, url)
    return Browser(driver, pacing=pacing, session_name=session, store=store)


def sessions(store: SessionStore | None = None) -> list[str]:
    """Names of saved (non-stale) sessions."""
    return (store if store is not None else SessionStore()).names()


def destroy(name: str, store: SessionStore | None = None) -> bool:
    """Quit a saved session's browser, stop its managed service, forget it."""
    store = store if store is not None else SessionStore()
    record = store.get(name)
    if record is None:
        return False
    if service_alive(record.executor_url):
        try:
            driver = attach(record.executor_url, record.session_id, record.browser)
            if driver is not None:
                driver.quit()
        except WebDriverException as ex:
            LOGGER.warning("quit failed while destroying %r: %s", name, ex)
        except RuntimeError as ex:  # attach adoption guard can raise
            LOGGER.warning("could not reattach to destroy %r: %s", name, ex)
    if record.service_pid:
        stop_service(record.service_pid)
    store.remove(name)
    return True

• Step 4: Run tests to verify they pass

Run: uv run pytest tests/unit/test_api.py -v Expected: 17 passed

Run: uv run pytest Expected: full unit suite passes (140 tests: pacing 7, sessions 14, hosts 19, reattach 6, fields 17, page 36, screenshot 5, browser 19, api 17)

• Step 5: Commit

git add src/wabot/__init__.py tests/unit/test_api.py
git commit -m "feat: public API — wabot.browser()/sessions()/destroy() with reattach flow"

---

Task 13: Integration fixtures — static HTML + local server + conftest

Files:

• Create: tests/fixtures/login.html, tests/fixtures/welcome.html

• Create: tests/integration/conftest.py

• Step 1: Create the HTML fixtures

tests/fixtures/login.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Login</title></head>
<body>
  <h1 id="page-title">Test Login</h1>
  <form action="/welcome.html" method="get">
    <input type="text" id="username" name="username">
    <select id="state" name="state">
      <option value="">--</option>
      <option value="CO">Colorado</option>
      <option value="NM">New Mexico</option>
    </select>
    <input type="checkbox" id="agree" name="agree" value="yes">
    <button type="submit" id="submit-btn">Sign in</button>
  </form>
</body>
</html>

tests/fixtures/welcome.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Welcome</title></head>
<body>
  <h1 id="page-title">Welcome!</h1>
  <p id="greeting">You made it.</p>
</body>
</html>

• Step 2: Write the conftest

tests/integration/conftest.py:

"""Shared fixtures for real-browser integration tests.

Every test in this directory is marked ``integration`` automatically and
runs with NoPacing (human delays would make the suite glacial). Browsers
run headless against static HTML served from tests/fixtures.
"""

import functools
import http.server
import threading
from pathlib import Path

import pytest

FIXTURES = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "fixtures"
BROWSERS = ["firefox", "chromium"]


def pytest_collection_modifyitems(items):
    for item in items:
        item.add_marker(pytest.mark.integration)


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def site_url():
    """Serve tests/fixtures over HTTP on an ephemeral port."""
    handler = functools.partial(
        http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler, directory=str(FIXTURES)
    )
    server = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(("127.0.0.1", 0), handler)
    thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever, daemon=True)
    thread.start()
    yield f"http://127.0.0.1:{server.server_address[1]}"
    server.shutdown()


@pytest.fixture
def store(tmp_path):
    from wabot.sessions import SessionStore

    return SessionStore(path=tmp_path / "sessions.json")

• Step 3: Verify collection behaves

Run: uv run pytest --collect-only tests/integration Expected: collects 0 tests so far, no errors.

Run: uv run pytest Expected: unit suite unchanged; integration dir contributes nothing yet.

• Step 4: Commit

git add tests/fixtures tests/integration/conftest.py
git commit -m "test: integration fixtures — static site server, auto-marking conftest"

---

Task 14: Integration — ephemeral browsing through the page-object API

Files:

• Create: tests/integration/test_ephemeral.py

• Step 1: Write the test

tests/integration/test_ephemeral.py:

"""Drive the full page-object stack against a real headless browser."""

import pytest

import wabot

from .conftest import BROWSERS


class LoginPage(wabot.Page):
    elements = {
        "title": ("el", ("id", "page-title")),
        "username": ("el", ("id", "username")),
        "state": ("select", ("id", "state")),
        "agree": ("checkbox", ("id", "agree")),
        "submit": ("el", ("id", "submit-btn")),
    }

    def verify(self):
        return self.driver.title == "Login"

    def log_in(self, username):
        self["username"].set_value(username)
        self["state"].set_value(value="CO")
        self["agree"].set_checked(True)
        return self["submit"].click_and_go()


class WelcomePage(wabot.Page):
    elements = {"greeting": ("el", ("id", "greeting"))}

    def verify(self):
        return self.driver.title == "Welcome"


@pytest.mark.parametrize("browser_name", BROWSERS)
def test_login_flow_end_to_end(browser_name, site_url):
    bot = wabot.browser(browser=browser_name, headless=True, pacing=wabot.NoPacing())
    try:
        bot.driver.get(f"{site_url}/login.html")
        assert bot.set_page(LoginPage) is True
        assert bot.log_in("mathew") is True
        assert bot.set_page(WelcomePage) is True
        assert bot["greeting"].text == "You made it."
        assert bot.good is True
    finally:
        bot.driver.quit()


@pytest.mark.parametrize("browser_name", BROWSERS)
def test_full_page_screenshot(browser_name, site_url, tmp_path):
    bot = wabot.browser(browser=browser_name, headless=True, pacing=wabot.NoPacing())
    try:
        bot.driver.get(f"{site_url}/login.html")
        bot.set_page(LoginPage)
        out = tmp_path / "shot.png"
        assert bot.save_screenshot(str(out)) is True
        assert out.stat().st_size > 0
    finally:
        bot.driver.quit()

• Step 2: Run the integration tests

Run: uv run pytest -m integration tests/integration/test_ephemeral.py -v Expected: 4 passed (firefox + chromium × 2 tests). First firefox run may download geckodriver via Selenium Manager (network). If a browser is missing on the machine, that parametrization may error — investigate before proceeding; do not mark xfail.

Run: uv run pytest Expected: unit suite only (integration deselected by default).

• Step 3: Commit

git add tests/integration/test_ephemeral.py
git commit -m "test: end-to-end page-object flow on real headless browsers"

---

Task 15: Integration — the flagship: cross-process session pickup

Files:

• Create: tests/integration/test_persistence.py

• Step 1: Write the test

tests/integration/test_persistence.py:

"""The flagship feature: a second Python PROCESS picks up a saved browser."""

import json
import subprocess
import sys
import textwrap

import pytest

import wabot

from .conftest import BROWSERS

REATTACH_SCRIPT = textwrap.dedent(
    """
    import json, sys
    import wabot
    from wabot.sessions import SessionStore

    store = SessionStore(path=sys.argv[1])
    bot = wabot.browser(session=sys.argv[2], pacing=wabot.NoPacing(), store=store)
    value = bot.driver.find_element("id", "username").get_attribute("value")
    print(json.dumps({"url": bot.driver.current_url, "username_value": value}))
    """
)


@pytest.mark.parametrize("browser_name", BROWSERS)
def test_second_process_picks_up_saved_browser(browser_name, site_url, store, tmp_path):
    bot = wabot.browser(
        session="flagship", browser=browser_name, headless=True,
        pacing=wabot.NoPacing(), store=store,
    )
    try:
        bot.driver.get(f"{site_url}/login.html")
        bot.driver.find_element("id", "username").send_keys("persisted-value")

        # simulate "the process exits": drop our handle without quitting
        record = store.get("flagship")
        assert record is not None and record.service_pid is not None

        result = subprocess.run(
            [sys.executable, "-c", REATTACH_SCRIPT, str(store.path), "flagship"],
            capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120, check=True,
        )
        payload = json.loads(result.stdout.strip().splitlines()[-1])
        assert payload["url"] == f"{site_url}/login.html"
        assert payload["username_value"] == "persisted-value"
    finally:
        assert wabot.destroy("flagship", store=store) is True


def test_destroyed_session_is_really_gone(site_url, store):
    from wabot.hosts import service_alive

    bot = wabot.browser(
        session="doomed", browser="chromium", headless=True,
        pacing=wabot.NoPacing(), store=store,
    )
    bot.driver.get(f"{site_url}/login.html")
    record = store.get("doomed")
    assert wabot.destroy("doomed", store=store) is True
    assert store.get("doomed") is None
    assert wabot.destroy("doomed", store=store) is False
    # the managed driver service was SIGTERMed
    import time

    deadline = time.monotonic() + 10
    while time.monotonic() < deadline and service_alive(record.executor_url):
        time.sleep(0.2)
    assert not service_alive(record.executor_url)

• Step 2: Run the tests

Run: uv run pytest -m integration tests/integration/test_persistence.py -v Expected: 3 passed. This proves: managed service spawned detached → session recorded as JSON → a fresh Python process reattached by name and saw the same page and the typed-in field value → destroy() cleaned everything up.

• Step 3: Commit

git add tests/integration/test_persistence.py
git commit -m "test: flagship cross-process browser pickup + destroy cleanup"

---

Task 16: Integration — external-server mode

Files:

• Create: tests/integration/test_external_server.py

• Step 1: Write the test

A manually spawned chromedriver plays the "external Selenium server the user runs" — same wire protocol, no Java Grid needed:

tests/integration/test_external_server.py:

"""host= mode: wabot connects to a WebDriver server it does not manage."""

import shutil
import subprocess
import time

import pytest

import wabot
from wabot.hosts import service_alive


@pytest.fixture
def external_chromedriver():
    binary = shutil.which("chromedriver")
    if binary is None:
        pytest.skip("chromedriver not on PATH")
    proc = subprocess.Popen(
        [binary, "--port=19515"],
        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
    )
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:19515"
    deadline = time.monotonic() + 15
    while time.monotonic() < deadline and not service_alive(url):
        time.sleep(0.2)
    assert service_alive(url), "chromedriver never came up"
    yield url
    proc.terminate()
    proc.wait(timeout=10)


def test_persistent_session_on_external_host(external_chromedriver, site_url, store):
    bot = wabot.browser(
        session="ext", browser="chromium", host=external_chromedriver,
        headless=True, pacing=wabot.NoPacing(), store=store,
    )
    bot.driver.get(f"{site_url}/welcome.html")
    record = store.get("ext")
    assert record.executor_url == external_chromedriver
    assert record.service_pid is None  # not ours to kill

    # same process, second browser() call: must reattach, not create
    bot2 = wabot.browser(session="ext", store=store, pacing=wabot.NoPacing())
    assert bot2.driver.session_id == record.session_id
    assert bot2.driver.current_url == f"{site_url}/welcome.html"

    bot2.driver.quit()
    store.remove("ext")


def test_ephemeral_on_external_host(external_chromedriver, site_url, store):
    bot = wabot.browser(
        host=external_chromedriver, browser="chromium",
        headless=True, pacing=wabot.NoPacing(), store=store,
    )
    bot.driver.get(f"{site_url}/welcome.html")
    assert store.names() == []  # session=None never persists
    bot.driver.quit()

• Step 2: Run the tests

Run: uv run pytest -m integration tests/integration/test_external_server.py -v Expected: 2 passed

Run: uv run pytest -m integration Expected: entire integration suite passes (9 tests)

• Step 3: Commit

git add tests/integration/test_external_server.py
git commit -m "test: external WebDriver server mode (persist + ephemeral)"

---

Task 17: Sphinx documentation

Files:

• Create: docs/conf.py, docs/index.rst, docs/quickstart.rst, docs/sessions.rst, docs/page-objects.rst, docs/api.rst

• Step 1: Write the Sphinx config

docs/conf.py:

project = "wabot"
author = "Mathew Guest"
release = "0.2.0"

extensions = [
    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
    "sphinx.ext.napoleon",
]

# sphinx_rtd_theme registers itself via entry point — do NOT add to extensions
html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"

autodoc_member_order = "bysource"
napoleon_google_docstring = True

(No sys.path hack needed: uv run sphinx-build runs inside the synced venv where wabot is installed.)

• Step 2: Write the doc pages

docs/index.rst:

wabot
=====

Stateful Selenium browser automation with sessions that survive the
Python process.

.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2

   quickstart
   sessions
   page-objects
   api

docs/quickstart.rst:

Quickstart
==========

Install
-------

.. code-block:: bash

   uv add wabot   # or: pip install .

You also need Firefox or Chromium. Driver binaries (geckodriver /
chromedriver) are found on PATH or downloaded automatically by Selenium
Manager.

First scrape
------------

.. code-block:: python

   import wabot

   class Login(wabot.Page):
       elements = {
           "username": ("el", ("id", "username")),
           "password": ("el", ("id", "password")),
           "submit":   ("el", ("id", "submit-btn")),
       }

       def verify(self):
           return "Login" in self.driver.title

       def log_in(self, user, password):
           self["username"].set_value(user)
           self["password"].set_value(password)
           return self["submit"].click_and_go()

   bot = wabot.browser(browser="firefox", headless=True)
   bot.driver.get("https://example.com/login")
   bot.set_page(Login)
   bot.log_in("me", "secret")

By default wabot paces itself like a human (multi-second random delays,
randomized click positions). Pass ``pacing=wabot.NoPacing()`` for full
speed on sites you trust.

docs/sessions.rst:

Persistent sessions
===================

The flagship feature: a browser created with a ``session`` name survives
the Python process, and any later process can pick it up by name.

.. code-block:: python

   import wabot

   bot = wabot.browser(session="scraper1", browser="firefox")
   bot.driver.get("https://example.com/login")
   # ... log in, then the process exits; the browser stays open ...

   # hours later, a different process:
   bot = wabot.browser(session="scraper1", browser="firefox")
   print(bot.driver.current_url)   # still logged in

How it works
------------

A session is just ``(executor_url, session_id)`` stored as JSON in the
platform data dir. Nothing is pickled. The browser is hosted by a driver
service that outlives Python:

* **Managed (default):** wabot spawns chromedriver/geckodriver as a
  detached process and records its port and pid.
* **External:** pass ``host="http://localhost:4444"`` to use a Selenium
  Grid or standalone server you run yourself. wabot then never kills the
  server — only the session.

Reattaching constructs a driver that *adopts* the saved session id
instead of creating a new session. Dead sessions (browser closed, server
gone, record older than 3 days) are pruned automatically and a fresh
browser is created instead.

Housekeeping
------------

.. code-block:: python

   wabot.sessions()          # ["scraper1", ...]
   wabot.destroy("scraper1") # quit browser, stop managed service, forget

Selenium Grid caveat
--------------------

Grid 4 kills idle sessions after **5 minutes** by default. If your
process sleeps longer between reattaches, raise it::

   java -jar selenium-server.jar standalone --session-timeout 86400

docs/page-objects.rst:

Page objects
============

Model each website page as a :class:`wabot.Page` subclass with a
class-level ``elements`` map; drive them through one
:class:`wabot.Browser`.

.. code-block:: python

   class Inventory(wabot.Page):
       elements = {
           "search":  ("el",       ("id", "search-box")),
           "region":  ("select",   ("id", "region")),
           "instock": ("checkbox", ("id", "in-stock-only")),
           "rows":    ("els",      ("css selector", "table#items tr")),
       }

Element types
-------------

===========  =========================================  =====================
Type key     Returned wrapper                           Main methods
===========  =========================================  =====================
``el``       :class:`wabot.TextField`                   get_value / set_value
``select``   :class:`wabot.SelectField`                 set_value(value|text)
``checkbox`` :class:`wabot.CheckField`                  get/set_checked
``els``      list of raw WebElements                    (selenium API)
a class      your :class:`wabot.PageObject` subclass    whatever you define
===========  =========================================  =====================

Missing elements come back as a falsy :class:`wabot.NullField`, so guard
with ``if el:`` instead of try/except.

Inheritance
-----------

Element lookup walks the MRO: subclasses inherit the parent map and can
override individual keys — useful for sites with shared page chrome.

Verification and delegation
---------------------------

``Browser.set_page(PageClass)`` refuses the switch if the page's
``verify()`` returns False. Once set, unknown attributes on the Browser
delegate to the current page: ``bot.log_in(...)`` calls
``bot.page.log_in(...)``. After any trapped failure the Browser refuses
further actions until ``bot.reset()``.

docs/api.rst:

API reference
=============

.. automodule:: wabot
   :members: browser, sessions, destroy

.. autoclass:: wabot.Browser
   :members:

.. autoclass:: wabot.Page
   :members:

.. automodule:: wabot.fields
   :members: PageObject, TextField, SelectField, CheckField, NullField

.. automodule:: wabot.pacing
   :members:

.. automodule:: wabot.sessions
   :members:

.. automodule:: wabot.hosts
   :members: ExternalServer, ManagedService, attach, service_alive

• Step 3: Build and verify

Run: uv run sphinx-build -M html docs docs/_build -W Expected: build succeeded with zero warnings (-W turns warnings into errors). Open docs/_build/html/index.html if in doubt.

• Step 4: Commit

git add docs/conf.py docs/index.rst docs/quickstart.rst docs/sessions.rst docs/page-objects.rst docs/api.rst
git commit -m "docs: sphinx site — quickstart, sessions guide, page objects, API ref"

---

Task 18: Finish — README, CLAUDE.md, lint, full verification

Files:

• Modify: README.md (replace entirely)

• Modify: CLAUDE.md (update commands + architecture sections)

• Step 1: Rewrite README.md

# WABot — Web Automator Bot

Stateful Selenium browser automation for Python. Model pages as classes,
drive them through one facade, and — the flagship — keep the browser
alive after your process exits so another Python process can pick it up
by name.

```python
import wabot

bot = wabot.browser(session="scraper1", browser="firefox")
bot.driver.get("https://example.com/login")
# ... log in; process exits; browser stays open ...

# a different process, later:
bot = wabot.browser(session="scraper1", browser="firefox")  # reattaches

Human-like pacing (random delays, randomized click positions) is on by default; pass pacing=wabot.NoPacing() for full speed.

Development

uv sync                                   # install everything
uv run pytest                             # unit tests (fast, no browsers)
uv run pytest -m integration              # real headless-browser tests
uv run ruff check . && uv run ruff format --check .
uv run sphinx-build -M html docs docs/_build   # docs

Docs: quickstart, persistent-sessions guide, and API reference under docs/ (build locally with the command above).

- [ ] **Step 2: Update CLAUDE.md**

Replace the "What this is" third paragraph and the whole "Architecture" and "Gotchas" sections to match the new reality. Replace the sentence about no test suite with:

```markdown
Tooling: uv (`uv sync`), pytest (`uv run pytest`; real-browser suite via
`uv run pytest -m integration`), ruff, Sphinx (`uv run sphinx-build -M html docs docs/_build`).
Selenium 4 (pinned <5: session reattach relies on stable 4.x internals).

In the Architecture section: BrowserProxy → Browser (src/wabot/_browser.py), add pacing.py (HumanPacing/NoPacing policies), and replace the dill/pickle description with: sessions persist as JSON records (executor_url, session_id) in platformdirs.user_data_dir("wabot")/sessions.json; hosts.py spawns detached driver services (ManagedService) or connects to external ones (ExternalServer); ReattachingRemote.start_session adopts the saved session id. Delete the Gotchas bullets about LOGGER.trace, undeclared deps, and star exports (all fixed); keep the Gotcha that external hosts must outlive Python and add: geckodriver reports ready:false while its single session is active, so liveness checks ignore the ready flag.

• Step 3: Full verification

Run: uv run ruff check . && uv run ruff format --check . Expected: clean (fix any complaints — they will be import order or line length).

Run: uv run pytest Expected: all unit tests pass.

Run: uv run pytest -m integration Expected: all integration tests pass.

Run: uv run sphinx-build -M html docs docs/_build -W Expected: build succeeded.

Run: uv build Expected: produces dist/wabot-0.2.0.tar.gz and a wheel — proves the uv_build backend + src layout are correct.

• Step 4: Commit

git add README.md CLAUDE.md
git commit -m "docs: rewrite README and CLAUDE.md for the modernized library"

---

Execution notes

• Tasks 1–12 are pure TDD with no browser required; Tasks 13–16 need the real Firefox/Chromium on this machine; Task 17–18 close out docs and hygiene.
• If an integration test fails, use superpowers:systematic-debugging — do not weaken assertions or mark xfail to get green.
• After Task 18, use superpowers:finishing-a-development-branch (the user pushes to Gitea manually and opens the PR).